In basic electric circuit theory, when studying band-pass and band-reject filters, the bandwidth represents the distance between the two points in the frequency domain where the signal is of the maximum signal amplitude ( half power ).

Bioinformatics also deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, structural biology, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics.

Although most electrical engineers will understand basic circuit theory ( that is the interactions of elements such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors and inductors in a circuit ), the theories employed by engineers generally depend upon the work they do.

Even circuit theory may not be relevant to a person designing telecommunication systems that use off-the-shelf components.

Ohm's law is a basic law of circuit theory, stating that the current passing through a resistance is directly proportional to the potential difference across it.

Claude E. Shannon developed much of modern information theory and discovered the application of Boolean logic to digital circuit design theory.

Apparatus and techniques may be described qualitatively as " microwave " when the wavelengths of signals are roughly the same as the dimensions of the equipment, so that lumped-element circuit theory is inaccurate.

Instead, distributed circuit elements and transmission-line theory are more useful methods for design and analysis.

His theory of contact tension considered that the emf, which drives the electric current through a circuit containing a voltaic cell, occurs at the contact between the two metals.

An offshoot of the work at MIT by Bush and others was the beginning of digital circuit design theory.

Attempting to experimentally prove James Clerk Maxwell ' " A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field " ( 1864 ), Hertz " generated electric waves using an electric circuit ".

* Monetary circuit theory, a heterodox theory of monetary economics ; also called circuitism

* Switching circuit theory

In electronic circuit theory, a " ground " is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential.

In circuit theory, the impedance is a generalization of electrical resistivity in the case of alternating current, and is measured in ohms ().

A waveguide in circuit theory is described by a transmission line having a length and self impedance.

Modern developments in electromagnetic theory and circuit theory do not contradict Ohm's law when they are evaluated within the appropriate limits.

Monetary circuit theory, originally developed in continental Europe, places particular emphasis on the distinctive role of money as means of payment.

This use is met most often in connection with Thevenin's theorem in circuit theory.

The input impedance is the Thévenin's equivalent circuit of the electrical network, modeled by an RL ( resistor-inductor ) or an RC ( resistor-capacitor ) combination, with equivalent values that would result in the same response as that of the network.

A practical electrical power source which is a linear electric circuit may, according to Thévenin's theorem, be represented as an ideal voltage source in series with an impedance.

As a result of studying Kirchhoff's circuit laws and Ohm's law, he developed his famous theorem, Thévenin's theorem, which made it possible to calculate currents in more complex electrical circuits and allowing people to reduce complex circuits into simpler circuits called Thévenin's equivalent circuits.

In fact, Norton and his associates at AT & T in the early 1920s are recognized as some of the first to perform pioneering work applying Thevenin's equivalent circuit and who referred to this concept simply as Thévenin's theorem.

A class of algorithms called SAT solvers can efficiently solve a large enough subset of SAT instances to be useful in various practical areas such as circuit design and automatic theorem proving, by solving SAT instances made by transforming problems that arise in those areas.

This theorem states that a circuit of voltage sources and resistors can be converted into a Thévenin equivalent, which is a simplification technique used in circuit analysis.

In electrical engineering, Millman's theorem ( or the parallel generator theorem ) is a method to simplify the solution of a circuit.

Specifically, Millman's theorem is used to compute the voltage at the ends of a circuit made up of only branches in parallel.

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

With this act of disobedience, and not with the inception of his individual existence, man began the downward circuit on the spiral of history, descending from the created capacity for immortality to an inescapable mortality.

permitting trial de novo in the circuit court only for the lesser-included offense.

However, algorithms are also implemented by other means, such as in a biological neural network ( for example, the human brain implementing arithmetic or an insect looking for food ), in an electrical circuit, or in a mechanical device.

When it was decided that Asteroids would be a vector game as well, Delman modified a Lunar Lander circuit board for Ed Logg.

* Application-specific integrated circuit, an integrated circuit ( IC ) developed for a particular use, as opposed to a general-purpose device.

Popular for his oratory, the ex-President traveled extensively throughout Tennessee and the country on the public lecture circuit.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

In other words, the electrons flow from the anode into, for example, an electrical circuit.

Internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode ( even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems ); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected.

AAL1 is used for constant bit rate ( CBR ) services and circuit emulation.

Static circuits ( permanent virtual circuits or PVCs ) or paths ( permanent virtual paths or PVPs ) require that the circuit is composed of a series of segments, one for each pair of interfaces through which it passes.

* 1961 – Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.

The majority of ammeters are either connected in series with the circuit carrying the current to be measured ( for small fractional amperes ), or have their shunt resistors connected similarly in series.

The metric for noise performance of a circuit is noise figure or noise factor.

* Digital-to-analog converter, the use of analog circuit for decoding operations

The United States federal courts are divided into twelve regional circuits, each with a circuit court of appeals ( plus a thirteenth, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which hears appeals in patent cases and cases against the federal government, without geographic limitation ).

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber, leading to new knowledge in magnetism ( including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time ) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity.