Programs of ethnographic study originated in this era as the study of the " human primitives " overseen by colonial administrations.

Several of the buildings on the Brown campus from its founding 18th century period through the 20th century offer fine representation of the Georgian style of American colonial era architecture.

However, documents released by the Cameroonians, in parity with that of the British and Germans, clearly places Bakassi under Cameroonian Territory as a consequence of colonial era Anglo-German agreements.

However, records from the colonial era indicate that Cayman Islands, then a dependency of Jamaica, was not tax-exempt during the period that followed.

Proponents argued that the name Dominion Day was a holdover from the colonial era, an argument given some impetus by the patriation of the Canadian Constitution in 1982, and others asserted that an alternative was needed as the term does not translate well into French.

Modern day social stratification in Caribbean nations such as Jamaica and Haiti developed during the colonial era.

The European colonial period was the era from the 1500s to, arguably, the 1900s when several European powers ( particularly, but not exclusively, Spain, Portugal, Britain, the Netherlands and France ) established colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Most White Ecuadorans are of colonial era Spanish origin, also known as criollos ( literally meaning " localSpaniards ", as opposed to " Peninsulares ", which were Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula in Spain ).

Criollos is one of many terms from the colonial era caste system.

Category: Novels set in the American colonial era

The circumstances which led to an exclave of New York being located within New Jersey began in the colonial era, after the British takeover of New Netherland in 1664.

In the colonial era, access to natural resources was allocated by individual towns, disputes over fisheries or land use were resolved at the local level.

European pirates burned Honduran towns during the colonial era

The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states ( mostly late Mughal tributary states ) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers ( see colonial era below ).

It focuses on the colonial era before 1947 and typically emphasizes caste and downplays class, to the annoyance of the Marxist school.

Sub-Saharan Africa has also had dozens of empires that pre-date the European colonial era, for example the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire and Mutapa Empire.

This scramble coincided with a new era in global colonial expansion known as " the New Imperialism ," which saw a shift in focus from trade and indirect rule to formal colonial control of vast overseas territories ruled as political extensions of their mother countries.

Today Java's old colonial era plantations provide just a fraction of the coffee grown on the island, although it is primarily the higher valued Arabica variety .< noinclude ></ noinclude >

In August 2008 Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi signed an agreement to pay Libya $ 5 billion over 25 years – this was a " complete and moral acknowledgement of the damage inflicted on Libya by Italy during the colonial era ", the Italian prime minister said.

Driving on the left has been compulsory since the introduction of motorcars in Federated Malay States in 1903 during British colonial era.

The beginning of major migration to Europe began during the colonial era ( 1912 to 1956 ).

The history of militia in the United States dates from the colonial era, such as in the American Revolutionary War.

Smallpox was a serious threat in colonial America, most devastating to Native Americans, but also to Anglo-American settlers.

Historically, support for modern multiculturalism stems from the changes in Western societies after World War II, in what Susanne Wessendorf calls the " human rights revolution ", in which the horrors of institutionalized racism and ethnic cleansing became almost impossible to ignore in the wake of the Holocaust ; with the collapse of the European colonial system, as colonized nations in Africa and Asia successfully fought for their independence and pointed out the racist underpinnings of the colonial system ; and, in the United States in particular, with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which criticized ideals of assimilation that often led to prejudices against those who did not act according to Anglo-American standards and which led to the development of academic ethnic studies programs as a way to counteract the neglect of contributions by racial minorities in classrooms.

Kader Keaton, a colonial American officer in the American Revolutionary War, was a founder of Anglo-American settlement in Richmond County.

For Native Americans, Pontiac's War demonstrated the possibilities of pan-tribal cooperation in resisting Anglo-American colonial expansion.

The airfield played a major part in Operation Torch, the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa ( French colonial possessions in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco ) during the war.

Piracy of American ships in international waters by the French was a microcosm of French and British colonial competition ; specifically, French aggression was a reaction to the Jay Treaty, which they perceived was an Anglo-American alliance, and the belief that tribute could be collected from the infantile republic by exerting sufficient military pressure.

Anglo-American traditional music, dating back to colonial times, includes a variety of broadside ballads, humorous stories and tall tales, and disaster songs regarding mining, shipwrecks ( especially in New England ) and murder.

Under pressure from Anglo-American colonial settlement, after 1763 and the French defeat in the Seven Years War, they began to move west into Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, then under Spanish rule, where they were resettled by the early nineteenth century.

So K ' empala formally became ' Kampala ' with repeated usage, and when the British colonial rulers needed a name for the city they adopted this reference.

The prerequisite for admission to the Francophonie is not the degree of French usage in the member countries, but a prevalent presence of French culture and language in the member country's identity, usually stemming from France's colonial ambitions with other nations in its history.

In Brazil, a sugarcane plantation was termed an engenho (" engine "), and the 17th-century English usage for organized colonial production was " factory ".

According to historians Michael C. Meyer and William L. Sherman, early in the 16th century Spanish colonial usage of the term, mestizo " was almost synonymous with bastard " ( illegitimate child ).

This Marxist usage contrasts with a popular conception of ' imperialism ', as directly controlled vast colonial or neocolonial empires.

During the reign of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland, however, Majesty became the official style, to the exclusion of all others, and was then brought to North America during colonial times through usage in reference to the British monarch, who then had sovereignty over the colonies on that continent.

In the early colonial period Tupi was used as a lingua franca throughout Brazil by Europeans as well as Amerindians and had literary usage, but it was later suppressed almost to extinction, leaving only one modern descendant with an appreciable number of speakers, Nheengatu.

This usage differs from a popular conception of ' imperialism ', as directly controlled colonial or neocolonial empires.

Even before the Declaration of Independence, the Continental Congress had authorized the issuance of dollar denominated coins and currency, since the term ' dollar ' was in common usage referring to Spanish colonial eight-real coin or Spanish dollar.

Because there were usually few British regulars garrisoned in North America, colonial militia served a vital role in local conflicts, particularly in the French and Indian Wars.

The court's opinion made explicit, in its obiter dicta, that the term " militia ", as used in colonial times in this originalist decision, included both the federally-organized militia and the citizen-organized militias of the several States: "... the ' militia ' in colonial America consisted of a subset of ' the people '— those who were male, able-bodied, and within a certain age range " ( 7 ) ...

Paraguayans were forced into the colonial militia to serve extended tours of duty away from their homes, contributing to a severe labor shortage.

During the 1760s pre-revolutionary period, the established colonial militia was composed of colonists, which included a number who were loyal to British imperial rule.

British and Loyalist efforts to disarm the colonial Patriot militia armories in the early phases of the American Revolution resulted in the Patriot colonists protesting by citing the Declaration of Rights, Blackstone's summary of the Declaration of Rights, their own militia laws and common law rights to self-defense.

* March – War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon raises a militia to put down the long running uprising of backcountry militias against North Carolina's colonial government.

On December 13, 1648, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony had ordered that the Colony's scattered militia companies be organized into North, South and East Regiments — with a goal of increasing the militias ' accountability to the colonial government, efficacy, and responsiveness in conflicts with indigenous Pequot Indians.

New France was defended by about 3, 000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars ( some of whom had significant woodland combat experience ), and also made calls for militia support when needed.

However, as Baum was preparing to leave, Burgoyne verbally changed the goal to be a supply depot at Bennington, which was believed to be guarded by the remnants of Warner's brigade, about 400 colonial militia.

He would subsequently serve in many offices in the town and colonial governments, and in his 70s he was elected captain of the militia in Providence during King Philip's War in 1676.

The most significant incident was the capture of the French Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island ( Île Royale ) by an expedition ( 29 April – 16 June 1745 ) of colonial militia organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley, commanded by William Pepperrell of Maine ( then part of Massachusetts ), and assisted by a Royal Navy fleet.

For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War.

In 1704 – 06, Carolina Governor Col. James Moore led colonial militia and Ochese Creek and Yamasee warriors in raids that destroyed the Spanish missions of the Florida interior ; they captured some 10, 000 unarmed ' mission Indians ,' the Timucua and Apalachee, and sold them into slavery.

However, some have accused him of colluding with the Shawnees and arranging the war to deplete the Virginia militia and help safeguard the Loyalist cause, should there be a colonial rebellion.

Benjamin meets with his former commanding officer Colonel Harry Burwell ( Chris Cooper ) and is given the rank of colonel to lead the local colonial militia due to his combat experience, tasked with keeping Lord Cornwallis's ( Tom Wilkinson ) British regiments pinned south through guerrilla warfare.

When his oldest son, Gabriel joins up, and his second born son, Thomas is killed, he takes it upon himself to join and fight with the colonial militia.