Some writers trace the process to the medieval mode of trial by combat, in which some litigants, notably women, were allowed a champion to represent them.

While specific styles taught by different teachers, in the mode of Asian martial arts, cannot be excluded, it is very clear ( including in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics ) that the objective of a teacher of combat sports was to help each of his athletes to develop his personal style that would fit his strengths and weaknesses.

Some of the culture of the late 1970s included what was termed the " Castro clone ", a mode of dress and personal grooming -- tight denim jeans, black or desert sand colored combat boots, tight T-shirt or, often, an Izod crocodile shirt, possibly a red plaid flannel outer shirt, and usually sporting a mustache or full beard — in vogue with the gay male population at the time, and which gave rise to the nickname " Clone Canyon " for the stretch of Castro Street between 18th and Market Streets.

This allowed players to quickly set up a variety of battle scenarios involving almost every vessel in the game, including dozens of fighters and combat transports that had been fought against in the single-player game and were now flyable in this mode.

A two-player mode is available, named Super Mêlée, consisting solely of the ship-to-ship combat.

Bridge Commander incorporates a Quick Battle mode which is a combat simulation that allows the player to control any ship encountered during the course of the game.

The compulsator would be used to power a railgun, and potentially other pulsed energy weapons ( particularly electronic warfare systems ); also, the compulsator could be used in non-pulsed mode to drive a tank with electric motors for limited periods as a kind of " quiet mode ", which could be useful in urban combat.

Computers attached to the same network hub satisfy this requirement, which is why network switches are used to combat malicious use of promiscuous mode.

Mario Party 5 introduces the " Super Duel " mode to the franchise, which requires players to assemble and control custom made battle vehicles which can be used in combat against other machines.

EverQuest and many other MMORPGs of its time are infamous for their " auto-attack " combat system, where players press a button to initiate combat mode and, from then on, have little to do other than watch ; Progress Quest mocks this with its totally non-interactive gameplay after the initial character setup.

Echoes also features a multiplayer mode that allows up to four players to engage in combat using a split screen.

The GBP works to provide an alternative mode of transportation to combat the predominate and destructive car culture in Southern California, as well as to reduce consumption and consumerism while increasing the practical use of recycled and reused materials.

In combat mode, the playable character is translucent and a Reticle | crosshair appears on screen.

The VF-1 is different from modern fighter aircraft in that it can transform into three different configurations or modes for different combat environments, and can perform the task of more than one fighting vehicle: In Fighter mode it can act as a jet fighter or a space fighter ; in GERWALK ( or Guardian in Robotech ) mode it acts as a VTOL unit or a " chicken walker " mecha ; in Battroid mode ( or Battloid in Robotech ) it acts as a humanoid mecha.

The VF-1's Fighter mode is its basic mode and is the typical mode employed when the craft is parked at a military base and is the primary mode used in high altitude aerial combat planetside and in space combat.

Another Sega release that year was Missile, a shooter and vehicle combat simulation that featured electronic sound and a moving film strip to represent the targets on a projection screen.

That same year, Sega released Jet Rocket, a combat flight simulator featuring cockpit controls that could move the player aircraft around a landscape displayed on a screen and shoot missiles onto targets that explode when hit.

The game features the basic Spacewar !- style combat engine and wraparound screen, Mêlée ( as it was called due to the close combat involved, even though the ships actually fire projectile weapons at each other and engage one by one ), as well as a strategic game engine with a three-dimensional cluster of stars as the terrain.

Whenever a player engages in battle, the game changes from the adventure map display to a combat screen, which is based on either a hexagonal or square grid.

The bottom of the screen alternated depending on user choice and situation between consumables like food, water, money, and torches, equipment, combat options, spells, and other things.

This also includes " Nukes ", which are weapons that destroy every enemy on the screen at once ; these are prevalent in many different genres including vehicular combat, run and guns, and platform games.

Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles features real-time combat with no transition to a separate screen.

When combat occurred, which was often in these games, you switched to a full screen combat mode, in which player character icons could move about to cast spells or attack icons representing the enemies.

" A shared criticism of Batgirl and other female superheroes in television at the time ( such as Wonder Woman and the Bionic Woman ), is that she was not allowed to engage in hand-to-hand combat on screen.

" A shared criticism of Batgirl and other female superheroes in television at the time ( such as Wonder Woman and the Bionic Woman ), is that she was not allowed to engage in hand-to-hand combat on screen.

Sega's 1980 release Space Tactics was an early first-person space combat game with multi-directional scrolling as the player moved the cross-hairs on the screen.

It also introduced video game violence, being the first video game to depict human-to-human combat, and the first to depict a gun on screen.

In 2001, Sakura Wars 3 for the Dreamcast introduced a new combat system that incorporates action elements, and abandons the use of grids in favour of allowing each character to move around freely across the battlefield but with a limited number of moves each turn illustrated using a bar at the bottom of the screen.

Twisted Metal 2 ( known on the title screen and in Europe as Twisted Metal 2: World Tour and Twisted Metal EX in Japan ) is the second and most successful game in the vehicular combat Twisted Metal series.

A role-playing game menu, similar to those found in Final Fantasy games, at the bottom left of the screen provides other combat options such as using magic, summoning beings to assist in battle, or executing combination attacks with other party members.

Nightly at every air base, sentry dog teams were deployed as a detection and warning screen in the zone separating combat forces from the perimeter.

When engaged in combat, the screen changes to a side scrolling view and retains real time combat.

The user interface, which is mainly mouse-based, but includes keyboard shortcuts, provides a central screen for most economic management and other screens that control research, diplomacy, ship movement, combat and warship design.

During travel, the player may encounter enemies, at which point the game enters a separate combat screen, which is viewed in the third person.

While the basics are the same, it adds a skill system, changes the time scale of combat rounds, and includes rules for modern weapons.

Communications tend to deteriorate in battlefield situations, with the flow of information between commanders and combat units being disrupted, making it difficult to react to changes in the situation as they develop.

Lee felt the dynamic property of JKD was what enabled its practitioners to adapt to the constant changes and fluctuations of live combat.

Iraqi forces were battle-hardened after 8 years of war with Iran, and they were well-equipped with late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters, but the antiaircraft weapons were crippled ; in comparison, the US had no large-scale combat experience since its withdrawal from Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier, and major changes in US doctrine, equipment and technology since then had never been tested under fire.

In the post war period the RNZAF dealt progressively with demobilisation and disposal of its large obsolete fleet, rearmament to support the cold war, some loss of training opportunities with the American suspension of ANZUS Treaty obligations in protest at New Zealand becoming a nuclear free zone, social changes which saw women become combat pilots, and most recently loss of fast jets as part of the continuing funding cuts, that have seen the air force decline from over a thousand aircraft to just fifty.

These changes to the series were made to combat falling viewing figures.

Opposed by the British Bulldog Breed Council, it was speculated by the press that the changes would lead to a smaller head, fewer skin folds, a longer muzzle, and a taller thinner posture, in order to combat perceived problems with respiration and breeding due to head size and width of shoulders.

Defenders of Chevron's environmental record point to recent changes in the corporation, particularly its pledge in 2004 to combat global warming.

Some of the game rule changes include a count-up system, as opposed to a " combat round " type of in-game time-keeping method.

The sequences can involve mock combat between dancers, changes in formation, and tricks involving the pate kailao themselves.

Among the most drastic changes to the basic Savage Worlds rules was " The Way of the Brave " rule, which revamped the way combat works in the system, making it more dangerous and deadly for characters and increasing the effectiveness of melee combat.

Major configuration changes included the addition of a third infantry brigade, an additional direct-support artillery battalion and the expansion of the combat aviation battalion to a brigade-sized unit.

During the 1960s, Third Air Force has four to five combat wings and major changes occurred in the types of aircraft deployed in the United Kingdom.

* May 24, 2000: To combat evolving counterfeiting, a new $ 5 bill was issued under series 1999 whose design was similar in style to the $ 100, $ 50, $ 20, and $ 10 bills that had all undergone previous design changes.

* May 24, 2000: To combat evolving counterfeiting, a new $ 10 bill was issued under series 1999 whose design was similar in style to the $ 100, $ 50, $ 20, and $ 5 bills that had all undergone previous design changes.

The speech bubbles and the fonts were made smaller and there were some changes in the text which, in some cases, toned down the aggression of the characters: in the original strip, when confronting the so-called descendants of Red Rackham, Haddock announces that he fancies killing them all in combat and, once they have fled, Tintin expresses satisfaction.

In-flight use of reverse thrust has several advantages: It allows for rapid deceleration, enabling quick changes of speed ; it also prevents the speed buildup normally associated with steep dives, allowing for rapid loss of altitude, which can be especially useful in hostile environments such as combat zones, and when making steep approaches to land.

Other changes over the Tekken 4 design included the removal of the positional change techniques ( throws were once again controlled by combinations of LP + LK or RP + RK instead of designating LP + LK as a position switch maneuver ; only Steve Fox was given a position change attack ), bringing back traditional air combat ( Tekken 4 removed back and vertical leaps in favor of a more fluid 3D combat model ) and using a juggle system more akin to Tekken 3 as opposed to the 4th game's less juggle-friendly gameplay.

With Blackman as champion, however, surprise attacks no longer resulted in title changes: within the matches, Blackman was so dangerous in hand-to-hand combat that surprise attacks were not effective enough to defeat him.

Clothing, which provides defence in combat situations, also changes the Hero's attractiveness or scariness as well as alignment in some cases, and townspeople's reactions to the Hero accordingly.

Major schedule changes were announced to combat poor attendance and poor television ratings, both which have dropped at an alarming rate since the introduction of the car of today among other reasons.