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In contrast, scientists assessing the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson's disease, as well as the medical research charity The Parkinson's Appeal, state that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later deep brain stimulation.
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contrast and scientists
But none of this has prevented scientists, philosophers, and even historians of science, from speaking of the Ptolemaic system, in contrast to the Copernican.
British scientists by contrast, lacked research universities and did not train advanced students ; instead the practice was to hire German-trained chemists.
By contrast, the water level of the Caspian Sea has been rising steadily since 1978 for reasons that scientists have not been able to explain fully.
By contrast, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has just 302 neurons making it an ideal experimental subject as scientists have been able to map all of the organism's neurons.
Interpretivist social scientists, by contrast, may use social critique or symbolic interpretation rather than constructing empirically falsifiable theories, and thus treat science in its broader sense.
By contrast, computer scientists were building some large and robust ontologies, such as WordNet and Cyc, with comparatively little debate over how they were built.
Physicians and scientists are often labeled as adherents of the medical model by " Deaf " individuals, who contrast it with their own cultural model.
Political scientists have called the resulting new coalition the " Fifth Party System " in contrast to the Fourth Party System of the 1896-1932 era that it replaced.
Armstrong explained that the book was written to contrast the spiritual condition of the world to the modern inventions that scientists were promising for the year 1975.
In contrast, most psychologists and social scientists believe that behavior is a very complex interaction of both biological and cultural influences.
This stands in contrast to empiricist scientists ' claim that all scientists can do is observe the relationship between cause and effect and impose meaning.
In contrast, Cambridge has been associated with a large number of Nobel Prize-winning breakthroughs and the majority of Britain's most culturally significant scientists, including Charles Darwin and Isaac Newton.
In contrast, fair tests conducted by Polish forensic scientists ( who discriminated against iron-based compounds ) confirmed the presence of cyanide in the locations and manner in accordance with where and how it was used in the Holocaust.
Merton's was a kind of " sociology of scientists ," which left the cognitive content of science out of sociological account ; SSK by contrast aimed at providing sociological explanations of scientific ideas themselves.
The historian Dorothy Nelkin characterised Gross and Leavitt ’ s vigorous response as a call to arms in response to the failed marriage of Science and the State — in contrast to the scientists ’ historical tendency to avoid participating in perceived political threats, such as creation science, the animal rights movement, and anti-abortionists ’ attempts to curb fetal research.
This is a situation which stands in contrast to Islamic history when scholars and scientists let their minds roam free and created an extraordinary renaissance in ideas, new knowledge and technology.
The citizens of Göttingen widely preferred the simpler design of the goose girl, probably because the simple girl image best represents the common people-in contrast to the numerous statues of famous university scientists found in the city.
In contrast to conventional engineering projects, macroengineering projects ( called macroprojects or megaprojects ) are multidisciplinary, involving collaboration from all fields of study ; they involve not only engineers, but scientists, lawyers, industrialists, soldiers, and politicians as well.
The Alyssians, in contrast, are a society of thinkers and scientists, open to meeting new people and unaccustomed to war.
The journal Science said that Wouk " accurately depicts science as an often interactive and collegial enterprise ", and that the novel offers a " refreshing contrast with the treatments of mad scientists that are so abundant in literature and popular culture.
contrast and assessing
The term usability engineering ( in contrast to interaction design and user experience design ) implies more of a focus on assessing and making recommendations to improve usability than it does on design, though Usability Engineers may still engage in design to some extent, particularly design of wire-frames or other prototypes.
In contrast to risk management, which involves assessing potential threats and finding the best ways to avoid those threats, crisis management involves dealing with threats before, during, and after they have occurred.
By contrast, the ventral part of the ACC is connected with amygdala, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, and anterior insula, and is involved in assessing the salience of emotion and motivational information.
contrast and usefulness
By contrast, watercoloring was also valued by surveyors, mapmakers, military officers and engineers for its usefulness in depicting properties, terrain, fortifications or geology in the field and for illustrating public works or commissioned projects.
Some leading members of the Church of Ireland and the Jewish Community said during the campaign that while they appreciated the Article's recognition of their existence ( and in the case of the Jewish Community, their right to exist, in contrast to anti-Jewish laws in other states ) in 1937, it was no longer needed in the 1970s and had lost its usefulness.
contrast and animal
In contrast to bacterial pathogens, these apicomplexan parasites are eukaryote and share many metabolic pathways with their animal hosts.
Nucleoli of various plant species have been shown to contain very high concentrations of iron in contrast to human and animal cell nucleoli.
In contrast, a vegetarian who consumes no animal products at all is called a vegan.
In contrast, Przewalski's horse has never been successfully domesticated and remains a truly wild animal today.
But it is worth mentioning that in contrast with initial data, two recent studies have failed to confirm the RELN hypermethylation, and psychotropic medication could in itself affect the reelin expression in the brain, as animal studies show ( see below ).
He also argued that animal will is " conditioned by anger and appetite " in contrast to human will which is " conditioned by the intellect.
In contrast, an abolitionist view in animal rights holds that there is no moral justification for any harmful research on animals that is not to the benefit of the individual animal.
In contrast both to this and the stationary wait and watch hunting methods employed by many herons, they forage for insects and animal prey by slowly moving forwards with their heads lowered and probing with their bills.
) To contrast with " homophiles ", Fish used the word " zoophiles ", to refer to antivivisectionists, with that usage being similarly independent of the established and now exclusive sense of the word — namely, " zoophile " as referring to a person exhibiting a sexual preference for one or more species of non-human animal.
By contrast, at this writing, there is no treatment for rabbits suffering myxomatosis, other than palliative care to ease the suffering of individual animals, and the treatment for secondary and opportunistic infections, in the hopes the treated animal will survive.
" It was noted in the 1970s that people in many Western countries had diets high in animal products, fat, and sugar, and high rates of cancers of the colorectum, breast, prostate, endometrium, and lung ; by contrast, individuals in developing countries usually had diets that were based on one or two starchy staple foods, with low intakes of animal products, fat, and sugar, and low rates of these cancers.
After history painting came, in order of decreasing worth: portraits, scenes of everyday life ( called scènes de genre, or " genre painting ", and also petit genre to contrast it with the grande genre ), landscapes, animal painting, and finally still lifes.
# In contrast to human language, animal communication systems are usually not able to express conceptual generalizations.
In contrast to the LAL assay, no animal source is used.
By contrast, in other tales the animal is regarded as relatively benign and said to accompany women on their way home in the role of protector rather than a portent of ill omen.
The Eskimo, both Thule and Dorset, as well as other indigenous people whom the Norse Greenlanders met, wore clothes made of animal skins, in contrast to the woven wool clothes worn by the Norse.
This animal motif establishes a contrast between the past, when life was flourishing, and the story's present, when all life is dead.
In contrast, some zoos in Australia have a strong reliance on dedicated part-time volunteer workers, who assist zookeepers in the simpler tasks such as preparation of foods and medicines, and cleaning of animal enclosures.
The smaller cranium of Procolobus kirkii in contrast to the mainland colobus monkey, is consistent with Foster's rule ( also known as the island rule ) in which the original ( larger ) animal becomes smaller over time when there is limited resources.
In contrast to the aristocratic menageries, these travelling animal collections were run by showmen who met the craving for sensation of the ordinary population.
Economic vegetarians frequently contrast themselves with mainstream vegetarians, most of whom abstain from animal products on religious or ethical grounds.
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