Bayesian probability interprets the concept of probability as " an abstract concept, a quantity that we assign theoretically, for the purpose of representing a state of knowledge, or that we calculate from previously assigned probabilities ," in contrast to interpreting it as a frequency or " propensity " of some phenomenon.

By contrast to the above philosophers, Immanuel Kant held that the account of the concept as an abstraction of experience is only partly correct.

While many socialist currents advocated economic planning as an eventual substitute for the market for factors of production, some define economic planning as being based on worker-self management, with production being carried out to directly satisfy human needs, and contrast this with the concept of a command economy of the Soviet Union, which they characterize as being based on a top-down bureaucratic administration of the economy in a similar fashion to a capitalist firm.

By contrast, a dynamic web page is a broader concept, covering any web page generated differently for each user, load occurrence, or specific variable values.

The Tartars were also in contrast to the concept of Prester John, who may have been Prester Chan and, in Ludolphus's account, chased out of Asia by the Tartars and, in John Herbert's Travels, was Abyssinian.

In contrast, the concept of genetics gained concrete evidence with the discovery of the biological functions of DNA.

However, in contrast to those two positions, Blackmore does not reject either concept of external or internal memes.

Among Whorf's well known examples of linguistic relativity are examples of instances where an indigenous language has several terms for a concept that is only described with one word in English and other European languages ( Whorf used the acronym SAE " Standard Average European " to allude to the rather similar grammatical structures of the well-studied European languages in contrast to the greater diversity of the less-studied languages ).

In contrast, Germany started the war under the concept of Blitzkrieg.

The concept of the taiji (" supreme ultimate "), in contrast with wuji (" without ultimate "), appears in both Taoist and Confucian Chinese philosophy, where it represents the fusion or mother of Yin and Yang into a single ultimate, represented by the taijitu symbol.

The concept of a theorem is therefore fundamentally deductive, in contrast to the notion of a scientific theory, which is empirical.

The concept of a formal theorem is fundamentally syntactic, in contrast to the notion of a " true proposition " in which semantics are introduced.

In contrast both, Marx's Labour Theory of Value and the ' Emergy ' concept are conceived as donor-type value.

In Christianity, the term often connotes the concept of the fallen and corrupt world order of human society, in contrast to the World to Come.

For contrast, a relatively newer concept is Catholic imagination.

In any of several studies that treat the use of signs-for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics-the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.

In contrast, the term downloading is distinguished from the related concept of streaming, which indicates the receiving of data that is used near immediately as it is received, while the transmission is still in progress and which may not be stored long-term, whereas in a process described using the term downloading, this would imply that the data is only usable when it has been received in its entirety.

In contrast to the model based on functional morphology described earlier, in the Epitheliozoa concept the ventral and dorsal cell layers of the Placozoa are homologs of endoderm and ectoderm, the two basic embryonic cell layers of the eumetazoans — the digestive gastrodermis in the Cnidaria or the gut epithelium in the bilaterally symmetrical Bilateria may have developed from endoderm, whereas ectoderm is, among other things, the precursor to the external skin layer ( epidermis ).

In contrast to phenotypic plasticity, the concept of genetic canalization addresses the extent to which an organism's phenotype allows conclusions about its genotype.

On Mauron's concept, the author cannot be reduced to a ratiocinating self: his own more or less traumatic biographical past, the cultural archetypes that have suffused his " soul " ironically contrast with the conscious self, The chiasmic relation between the two tales may be seen as a sane and safe acting out.

One recent development is the concept of ' text memory ' in contrast to translation memory.

Today, China proper is a controversial concept in China itself, since the current official paradigm does not contrast the core and the periphery of China.

By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept where the meaning or idiom is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself.

Giles by contrast clearly recognizes the danger, and resents being sent along to face it.

In contrast to the exclusivist who maintains that there is a single path " up the mountain of God ," the pluralist recognizes many paths as valid.

In contrast, an excuse ( legal ) is a defense that recognizes a crime was committed, but that for the defendant, although committing a socially undesirable crime, conviction and punishment would be morally inappropriate because of an extenuating personal inadequacy, such as mental defect, lack of mental capacity, sufficient age, intense fear of death, lacking the ability to control their own conduct, etc.

In addition, the FSF also argues that " GNU / Linux recognizes the role that our idealism played in building our community, and helps the public recognize the practical importance of these ideals ", in contrast to the focus on " technical advantage " rather than " freedom " of the Linux kernel developers.

In contrast, given a description of a polynomial-time probabilistic machine, it is undecidable in general to determine if it recognizes a language in BPP.

By contrast, common sense represents society's cumulative, consensual reasoning that recognizes the wisdom of mutual benefit.

The contrast between the " careful control against the almost inconceivable perversion of his scheme " and " the ridiculousness of the proposal " create a situation in which the reader has " to consider just what perverted values and assumptions would allow such a diligent, thoughtful, and conventional man to propose so perverse a plan ".

Don Chisciotte was a mix of ballet and opera buffa, and the lead female roles in L ' amore innocente were designed to contrast and highlight the different traditions of operatic writing for soprano, even borrowing stylistic flourishes from opera-seria in the use of coloratura in what was a short pastoral comedy more in keeping with a Roman Intermezzo.

Since society considers so many rights as natural ( hence the term " right ") rather than man-made, what constitutes a crime also counts as natural, in contrast to laws ( seen as man-made ).

" Jehovah's Witnesses contrast " memorizing or repeating creeds " with acting to " do what Jesus said ".

There is thus an ironic contrast between Paul's own temporal imprisonment and Philemon's temporal freedom ( and mastery over Onesimus ), balanced by the inversion of that relationship in what Paul sees as his own spiritual authority over Philemon and Philemon's spiritual subservience to Paul, who is claiming that Onesimus – temporally, a slave – is, spiritually speaking, not simply equal to his master but a brother of his.

The Vitagraph company's The Man That Might Have Been ( William Humphrey, 1914 ), is even more complex, with a series of reveries and flash-backs that contrast the protagonist's real passage through life with what might have been, if his son had not died.

However another study, had observed that pusher syndrome is also present in patients with left hemisphere lesions, leading to aphasia, providing a stark contrast to what was previously believed regarding hemispatial neglect, which mostly occurs with a right hemisphere lesion.

This was necessary so that there would be a legal bench mark with which to compare and contrast the scholarship of an objective historian against the methods employed by David Irving, as before the Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt trial there was no legal precedent for what constituted an objective historian.

In contrast, the major writings and most of what is now the New Testament were Homologoumena, or universally acknowledged for a long time, since the middle of the 2nd century or before.

In contrast also, ICI Mond Division's Works Records System, the first known shared public spreadsheet used the 3270 successfully for what was, in effect, a high powered version of today's spreadsheets with additional functions.

* Legal positivism, by contrast to natural law, holds that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and that the force of law comes from some basic social facts although positivists differ on what those facts are.

It is consistent with Dworkin's view — in contrast with the views of legal positivists or legal realists — that * no one * in a society may know what its laws are ( because no one may know the best justification for its practices.

The Jedi are trained to use the Force through rejection of passions and commitment to justice, as opposed to the ideals of the aggressive, highly passionate school known as the Dark side, favoring instead what is known in contrast as " the Light side.

In another the resurrection is shown to be that of what has gone down, i. e., the body ; the knowledge concerning it is the new doctrine in contrast with that of the old philosophers ; the doctrine follows from the command to keep the body in moral purity.

Wycliffe himself tells how he concluded that there was a great contrast between what the Church was and what it ought to be, and saw the necessity for reform.

The contrast reported on most LCDs is what the LCD is qualified at, not its actual performance.

The highly decentralized and democratic nature of the proposed De Leonist government is in contrast to the democratic centralism of Marxism – Leninism and what they see as the dictatorial nature of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and other " communist " states.

A handicap in this process is the difficulty of seeing and manipulation at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale which makes deterministic selection of successful trials difficult ; in contrast biological evolution proceeds via action of what Richard Dawkins has called the " blind watchmaker "

By contrast, for Halliday what the child develops is a " meaning potential ".

In the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands.

It is consistent with Dworkin's view -- in contrast with the views of legal positivists or legal realists -- that * no one * in a society may know what its laws are ( because no one may know the best justification its practices.

Willis drew the contrast that early radical feminism saw itself as part of a broad left politics, whereas much of what succeeded it in the 1970s and early 1980s ( both cultural feminism and liberal feminism ) took the attitude that " left politics were ' male ' and could be safely ignored.

In what some consider the best example of Roosevelt's animated oratorical style, an audio clip sponsored by the Authentic History Center includes his defense of the Progressive Party in 1912 wherein he proclaims it the " party of the people " in contrast with the other major parties.

Those who hold that Jesus ' words, " This is my body ", " This is my blood ", were not metaphorical claim that there is a marked contrast between metaphorical figurative expressions, which of their nature have a symbolic meaning, and what Jesus said about concrete things such as the bread and wine.