In contrast to this voluntary-control explanation for nonreactivity given by the Kohnstamm-positive subjects, the Kohnstamm-negative subjects offered an involuntary-control hypothesis to explain nonreactivity.

The Big Bang hypothesis, by contrast, predicts that the CBR should have the same energy density as the binding energy density of the primordial helium, which is much greater than the binding energy density of the non-primordial elements ; so it gives almost the same result.

This is in contrast with the efficiency hypothesis that states that a firms performance is based on how well and efficiently it produces its product for the consumer.

In the most basic sense, a scientific fact is an objective and verifiable observation, in contrast with a hypothesis or theory, which is intended to explain or interpret facts.

The hypothesis, though very well publicized, was never widely accepted by the experts, in contrast to Margulis ' arguments for the symbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The Australosphenida hypothesis remains controversial, and some taxonomists ( e. g. McKenna & Bell 1997 ) prefer to maintain the name Prototheria as a fitting contrast to the other group of living mammals, the Theria.

In contrast, the Miller test is fully deterministic and runs in polynomial time over all inputs, but its correctness depends on the truth of the yet-unproven generalized Riemann hypothesis.

Modern Korean, in contrast, according to proponents of this hypothesis, appears to have stronger connnections the Silla language, spoken in the ancient kingdom of Silla ( 57 BC – AD 935 ), one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, whose similarity to the Goguryeo language is not clearly established.

In contrast Royce offers as his hypothesis that “ to be is to be uniquely related to a whole .” This formulation preserves all three crucial aspects of being, namely the Whole, the individual, and the relation that constitutes them.

In contrast to traditional methods of drug discovery, which rely on trial-and-error testing of chemical substances on cultured cells or animals, and matching the apparent effects to treatments, rational drug design begins with a hypothesis that modulation of a specific biological target may have therapeutic value.

In contrast to Frend's hypothesis, Boyarin describes G. W.

In contrast to Bálint ’ s hypothesis, Thaiss and De Bleser studied a patient who had a physical restriction of her attentional window.

In contrast to the mainstream interpretation, there is a fringe hypothesis according to which the reliefs depict Ancient Egyptian electrical technology, based on comparison to similar modern devices ( such as Geissler tubes, Crookes tubes, and arc lamps ).

The theory of lexical diffusion stands in contrast to the Neogrammarian hypothesis that a given sound change applies simultaneously to all words in which its context is found.

In conclusion, today the major DNA components in Anatolian population are shared with European and neighboring Near Eastern populations and contrast with only a minor share of haplogroups related to Central Asian, South Asian and African affinity, which supports the language replacement hypothesis in the region.

In contrast to economic theory, the somatic marker hypothesis proposes that emotions play a critical role in our ability to make fast, rational decisions in complex and uncertain situations.

Descartes proposed that consciousness resides within an immaterial domain he called res cogitans ( the realm of thought ), in contrast to the domain of material things which he called res extensa ( the realm of extension ).

In contrast, Dr. William Douglass proposed a more secular argument against inoculation, stressing the importance of reason over passion and urging the public to be pragmatic in their choices.

Planned economies are in contrast to unplanned economies, i. e. the market economy and proposed self-managed economy, where production, distribution, pricing, and investment decisions are made by autonomous firms based upon their individual interests rather than upon a macroeconomic plan.

The highly decentralized and democratic nature of the proposed De Leonist government is in contrast to the democratic centralism of Marxism – Leninism and what they see as the dictatorial nature of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and other " communist " states.

In contrast, Stalin and allies proposed that alliances with capitalist political parties were essential to realising a revolution where Communists were too few ; said Stalinist practice failed, especially in the Northern Expedition portion of the Chinese Revolution ( 1925 – 1927 ), wherein it resulted in the right-wing Kuomintang ’ s massacre of the Chinese Communist Party ; nonetheless, despite the failure, Stalin ’ s policy of mixed-ideology political alliances, became Comintern policy.

In contrast to the more strict definition proposed by IUPAC, which requires a d-block metal and a sandwich structure, the term metallocene and thus the denotation-ocene, is applied in the chemical literature also to non-transition metal compounds, such as Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > Ba, or structures where the aromatic rings are not co-planar, such as found in manganocene or titanocene dichloride ( Cp < sub > 2 </ sub > TiCl < sub > 2 </ sub >).

In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the phenomenon, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a " neutron " in keeping with convention employed for naming both the proton and the electron, which in 1930 were known to be respective products for alpha and beta decay.

In contrast, all proposed forms of neutron star core material are fluids and are extremely unstable at pressures lower than that found in stellar cores.

Uniformitarianism was originally proposed in contrast to catastrophism, which states that the distant past " consisted of epochs of paroxysmal and catastrophic action interposed between periods of comparative tranquility " Especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most geologists took this interpretation to mean that catastrophic events are not important in geologic time ; one example of this is the debate of the formation of the Channeled Scablands due to the catastrophic Missoula glacial outburst floods.

Newcastle, by contrast, sought peace but only if the war in Germany could be brought to an honourable and satisfactory conclusion ( rather than Britain suddenly bailing out of it as Bute proposed ).

In 1955, Ulam and C. J. Everett proposed, in contrast to Rover's continuous heating of rocket exhaust, to harness small nuclear explosions for propulsion.

The term " de facto standard " is used for both: to contrast obligatory standards ( also known as " de jure standards "); or to express a dominant standard, when there are more than one proposed standards.

Cell theory was in contrast to the vitalism theories proposed before the discovery of cells.

New energy efficiency regulations being proposed in many countries will require variable backlighting — this also improves the perceived contrast range highly desirable for LCD TV sets.

The term was chosen whimsically by contrast with WIMP, another proposed form of dark matter.

Smith has recently proposed that the empty tomb stories in the gospels reflect traditions about Jesus ' absence or assumption, in contrast to the resurrection appearance stories which were about Jesus ' presence.

In contrast, Humorists William Edmonstoune Aytoun and Theodore Martin ( writing as " Bon Gaultier ") have proposed that the Norse themselves were the models for the mine kobold and similar creatures, such as dwarfs, goblins, and trolls ; Norse miners and smiths " were small in their physical proportions, and usually had their stithies near the mouths of the mines among the hills.

By contrast, in the United States a proposed amendment originates as a special joint resolution of Congress that is not submitted to the President for his assent.

In contrast, one modern-era philosopher proposed as the four cardinal virtues: ambition / humility ; love ; courage ; and honesty.

The philosophies of the group were in direct contrast to more conciliatory philosophies that proposed patience over militancy.

) In contrast, the Meech Lake Accord, proposed amendments in 1987-1990, would have given every province the veto in relation to certain matters.

Bragg diffraction ( also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction ) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 in response to their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays ( in contrast to that of, say, a liquid ).

The highly decentralized and democratic nature of the proposed De Leonist government is in contrast to the democratic centralism of Marxism – Leninism and what they see as the dictatorial nature of the Soviet Union.

In contrast, this proposed amendment would have given Washington, D. C. full representation in both houses of the Congress in addition to full participation in the Electoral College.

In contrast, a 2009 article in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society noted that “ attempts to dismiss the hobbits as pathological people have failed repeatedly because the medical diagnoses of dwarfing syndromes and microcephaly bear no resemblance to the unique anatomy of Homo floresiensis .”

In contrast, Homo sapiens has existed for at least 200, 000 years, and other species of Homo for millions of years ( see Human evolution ).

In contrast to the Paleolithic ( 2. 6 million years ago to 10, 000 BC ) in which several hominid species existed, only one ( Homo sapiens ) reached the Neolithic.