* Tarski's axioms: Alfred Tarski ( 1902 – 1983 ) and his students defined elementary Euclidean geometry as the geometry that can be expressed in first-order logic and does not depend on set theory for its logical basis, in contrast to Hilbert's axioms, which involve point sets.

In contrast, when students attribute failure to lack of effort, and effort is perceived as controllable, they experience the emotion of guilt and consequently increase effort and show improved performance.

British scientists by contrast, lacked research universities and did not train advanced students ; instead the practice was to hire German-trained chemists.

In classical 18th century patriotism, loyalty to the State was chiefly considered in contrast to loyalty to the Church, and it was argued that clerics should not be allowed to teach in public schools as their patrie was heaven, so that they could not inspire love of the homeland in their students.

This is in contrast to the nativism of Noam Chomsky and his students.

In contrast to South Padre Island ( well known for its beaches and vacationing college students ), PAIS is located on North Padre Island and consists of a long beach where nature is preserved.

The rivalry was given an extra edge in the early 20th century by the contrast between the radical tendencies of many Balliol students and Trinity's traditional conservatism and social exclusivity.

The fact that Balliol ( in contrast to Trinity ) had admitted a number of Indian and Asiatic students also gave many of the taunts from the Trinity side a distinctly racist tone: Balliol students, for example, were sometime referred to as " Basutos ".

The rivalry was given an extra edge in the early 20th century by the contrast between the radical tendencies of many Balliol students and Trinity's traditional conservatism and social exclusivity.

The fact that Balliol ( in contrast to Trinity ) had admitted a number of Indian and Asiatic students also gave many of the taunts from the Trinity side a distinctly racist tone: Balliol students, for example, were sometime referred to as " Basutos ".

In contrast, very few students at secondary modern schools took public examinations until the introduction of the less-academic Certificate of Secondary Education ( known as the CSE ) in the 1960s.

In contrast, the social identity approach ( rooted in Social Identity Theory and Self-categorization Theory ) suggests that a group starts when a collection of individuals perceive that they share some social category (‘ smokers ’, ‘ nurses ,’ ‘ students ,’ ‘ hockey players ’), and that interpersonal attraction only secondarily enhances the connection between individuals.

In contrast, intergroup competition can sometimes be relatively harmless, particularly in situations where there is little history of conflict ( for example, between students of different universities ) leading to relatively harmless generalizations and mild competitive behaviors.

In contrast, some educational establishments such as Sudbury schools believe that students are personally responsible for their acts, and that traditional schools do not permit students to choose their course of action fully ; they do not permit students to embark on the course, once chosen ; and they do not permit students to suffer the consequences of the course, once taken.

The ancient Scottish universities award Master of Arts degrees ( except for science students who are awarded a Bachelor of Science degree ) which are classified upon graduation, in contrast to Oxbridge where one becomes a Master of Arts after a certain number of years, and the rest of the UK, where graduates are awarded BAs.

Research on students conceptions has shown that most pre-instructional ( everyday ) ideas that students bring to physics instruction are in stark contrast to the physics concepts and principles to be achieved – from kindergarten to the tertiary level.

The close interaction between professors, instructors and students creates a pleasant contrast to studying at a larger universities.

UL is ranked 4th for attracting students who attain over 500 points in the Leaving Certificate however in contrast it has one of the lowest rates of first class or 2. 1 honours degrees of Irish universities.

In contrast with contingent or soft scaffolding, embedded or hard scaffolding is planned in advance to help students with a learning task that is known in advance to be difficult ( Saye and Brush, 2002 ).

i.e., burglars who rob while the tenants are absent, in contrast to hot-slough prowlers, those who work while the occupants are home.

Their experience is quite in contrast with that of children of upper- and upper-middle-class native-born parents, who are more likely to regard education as good for its own sake and to discount the vocational emphases in the curriculum.

His personality appears more striking by contrast with Marina, who is -- perhaps purposely -- rather superficially characterized.

There was considerable contrast between this Mulligan performance and that of Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers, who are able to generate a tremendous sound for such a small group.

To contrast with the more stereotyped descriptions, Christie often characterised the " foreigners " in such a way as to make the reader understand and sympathise with them ; this is particularly true of her Jewish characters, who are seldom actually criminals.

Paneloux's death is in contrast to Tarrou's, who fights valiantly against death when his turn comes.

The term Building design professional ( or Design professional ), by contrast, is a much broader term including professionals who practice independently under an alternate profession, such as engineering professionals, or those who assist in the practice architecture under the supervision of a licensed architect, such as architectural technologists and intern architects.

In contrast, Jains agree with Hindus that violence in self-defense can be justified, and they agree that a soldier who kills enemies in combat is performing a legitimate duty.

They are largely Sunni Muslims, in contrast to the Hazara, who are mostly Shias.

After Bennett's death his son took over the company, and the posters were replaced with pictures of the son ( who looked imposing and stern in contrast to his father's kindly demeanour ) with the text " Let me be your big brother.

In one such incident involving the 1972 explosion and sinking of the tanker, the Coast Guard photographed the wreck and recovered several bodies, in contrast with one Triangle author's claim that all the bodies had vanished, with the exception of the captain, who was found sitting in his cabin at his desk, clutching a coffee cup.

" By contrast, the composition from the Byzantine point of view portrays Constantine Palaeologus as a brave leader who gave his life for the cause.

During dream sleep, in contrast, people who are awakened report rich and detailed experiences in which events form a continuous progression, which may however be interrupted by bizarre or fantastic intrusions.

Claudius has been portrayed in film on several other occasions, including in the 1979 motion picture Caligula, the role being performed by Giancarlo Badessi in which the character was depicted as an idiot, in contrast to Robert Graves ' portrait of Claudius as a cunning and deeply intelligent man who is perceived by others to be an idiot.

His Superman, by contrast, was very much the model of the classic hero who stood up straight and spoke in a more formal and authoritative voice.

In North America those who continued to associate with Britain on the basis of the amended 1898 statement became known as the Amended Fellowship, in contrast to the Unamended Fellowship, who took their lead from the Christadelphian Advocate Magazine of Thomas Williams of Chicago.

By contrast, a person who had been acquitted of a lesser offence could not be tried for an aggravated form even if new evidence became available.

In contrast to the east side, the central and west neighborhoods originally contained many of the working class Germans who settled the town.

In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

There is thus an ironic contrast between Paul's own temporal imprisonment and Philemon's temporal freedom ( and mastery over Onesimus ), balanced by the inversion of that relationship in what Paul sees as his own spiritual authority over Philemon and Philemon's spiritual subservience to Paul, who is claiming that Onesimus – temporally, a slave – is, spiritually speaking, not simply equal to his master but a brother of his.

In contrast, organisms that live in more moderate environments may be termed mesophiles or neutrophiles.

The Marvel Universe was also notable for setting its central titles in New York City ; by contrast, many DC heroes live in fictional cities.

In contrast to Strabo, he knows that the Goths live around the Vistula, but these are definitely Germans.

By contrast, different subspecies of the same species can theoretically interbreed with one another and will produce fully fertile and healthy offspring but in practice do not, as they live in different regions or reproduce in different seasons.

By contrast, Buddhism does not encourage or discourage marriage, although it does teach how one might live a happily married life and emphasizes that marital vows are not to be taken lightly.

By contrast, those who stand to benefit from the new order will be less fierce in their support, because the new order is unfamiliar and they are not certain it will live up to its promises.

In another review Jenkins said that the band's live songs " frequently veer into more cacophonous, guitar-dominated territory ", in contrast to lighter albums like Cobra and Phases Group ....

The contrast between mind and body can be seen in the dissatisfaction each has with their previous relationships: Constance's lack of intimacy with her husband who is " all mind " and Mellors's choice to live apart from his wife because of her " brutish " sexual nature.

On July 19, 2008, WGN-TV became the third Chicago station to broadcast its newscasts in high definition, and debuted new on-air graphics ( as of July 2010, WGN-TV is the first station in Chicago to broadcast all locally-originated portions of its newscasts, including live field reports, in high definition ; in contrast to the other major English-language news stations in Chicago who all broadcast in-studio segments in HD and live field footage in 16: 9 widescreen standard definition ).

In contrast to the duo's other official live releases ( The Concert in Central Park, Old Friends: Live on Stage, and Live 1969 ), this recording features Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel performing alone.

According to music writers, the genre's works are mostly album-oriented and distinguished by its musicianship and production, incorporating " organic " elements of classic soul music with the use of live instrumentation, in contrast to the more single-oriented, hip hop-based, and producer-driven sampling approach of contemporary R & B.

In contrast, the mean hourly wage of those who live in the North is lower by about $ 1. 67 and is about $ 7. 14 ($ 8. 81 − $ 1. 67 ).

They are called " land plants " because they live primarily in terrestrial habitats, in contrast with the related green algae that are primarily aquatic.

The decision, made by the network's vice president of broadcasting, John M. Schneider, specifically related to the testimony of George F. Kennan not being shown, in contrast to NBC News, which was showing it live.

Criteria that support the non-Christian origin of the letter include the observation that " king of the Jews " was not a Christian title, and that the letter's premise that Jesus lives on based on the wisdom of his teachings is in contrast to the Christian concept that Jesus continues to live through his resurrection.

Prior to his accession, in his youth he made it a point to live and look like a poor scholar and dervish, in stark contrast to his three well dressed dandy brothers, Mirza Jahangir, Salim and Babur.

In contrast to their previous album, Paul's Boutique, the Beastie Boys returned somewhat stylistically to their punk rock roots on Check Your Head, playing their own instruments for the first time on record since their early EPs ( although they did provide live instrumentation on at least two songs on Paul's Boutique ).

Dunne attracted attention during this term due to his decision to " plank " on a live TV programme following the deaths of a number of young people doing it in contrast to his normally sensible image.

In contrast to the Belarusians and Eastern Ukrainians, the Western Ukrainians who came to live in Austria-Hungary retained not only the name Ruthenian but also much more of the Church Slavonic and Polish elements of Ruthenian.

* Vir Cotto, in contrast, simply wished that he would live long enough to see Morden beheaded and his associates go away and never come back — which is, of course, exactly what happened.

In contrast, the UFO series makes it clear that Ed Straker has had to completely sacrifice his personal life for the organisation, and that although he has learned to live with the fact, he has never forgotten the suffering it has caused to him and people he loved most.

For example, in contrast to many urban U. S. Chinatowns — where unforeseen growth forced working class immigrants to congregate, live and work in a small area — the expansive, planned real estate for this Chinatown is modeled upon those in the Los Angeles suburbs of Monterey Park, California and San Gabriel, California, both anchored by shopping centers and supermarkets ( 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket ).

This is in sharp contrast to Lamellibrachia luymesi, the tube worms that live at deep sea cold seeps and grow very slowly for most of their lives.