The calibration can be performed at a constant temperature, in the heating mode and in the cooling mode.

* In cooling mode the cycle is similar, but the outdoor coil is now the condenser and the indoor coil ( which reaches a lower temperature ) is the evaporator.

The manufacturer's literature should provide both a COP to describe performance in heating mode, and an EER or SEER to describe performance in cooling mode.

* Condensation on direct contact with a cooling wall of a heat exchanger: This is the most common mode used in industry:

This is done by reversing the cycle to the cooling mode, shutting off the outdoor fan, and energizing the electric heating elements.

In this type of system, the water circulating inside the water loop removes heat from the condenser of the heat pumps whenever the heat pumps are working in the cooling mode, then the externally mounted cooling tower is used to remove heat from the water loop and reject it to the atmosphere.

* the energy efficiency ratio in cooling mode at full load

* the cooling mode ( air-or water-cooled )

Some green lasers operate in pulse or quasi-continuous wave ( QCW ) mode, to reduce cooling problems and prolong battery life.

In heterodyne detection mode HgCdTe can be uncooled, although greater sensitivity is achieved by cooling.

When the air handling unit is in cooling mode, heat is released as air passes through the matrix in the exhaust airstream, during one half rotation, and absorbed during the second half rotation into the supply airstream.

Radiation detectors using CZT can operate in direct-conversion ( or photoconductive ) mode at room temperature, unlike some other materials ( particularly germanium ) which require liquid nitrogen cooling.

The body is a heat machine, and 20 to 25 guests can easily double your cooling load.

The high heat fluxes existing at the electrode surfaces of electric arcs necessitate extensive cooling to prevent electrode ablation.

Oceanic models have shown that the opening of these two passages limited polar heat convergence and caused a cooling of sea surface temperatures by several degrees ; other models have shown that CO < sub > 2 </ sub > levels also played a significant role in the glaciation of Antarctica < sup >.</ sup >

If enough electric power is available, cooling can be provided by conventional air conditioning using a heat pump.

Note heat sink and cooling fan assembly on rear side.

In North America, the term " Btu " is used to describe the heat value ( energy content ) of fuels, and also to describe the power of heating and cooling systems, such as furnaces, stoves, barbecue grills, and air conditioners.

Therefore, as clock rate increases, so does heat dissipation, causing the CPU to require more effective cooling solutions.

A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.

This was primarily caused by their higher heat output than other x86 CPUs of the day and, as such, computer builders sometimes did not equip them with adequate cooling.

The only reason for this is that most heat treaters do not have cooling equipment.

: This term is used both for conventional p – n diodes used to monitor temperature due to their varying forward voltage with temperature, and for Peltier heat pumps for thermoelectric heating and cooling .. Peltier heat pumps may be made from semiconductor, though they do not have any rectifying junctions, they use the differing behaviour of charge carriers in N and P type semiconductor to move heat.

Techniques for heat dissipation can include heat sinks and fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling.

Secondly, it is impossible for any device operating on a cycle to produce net work from a single temperature reservoir ; the production of net work requires flow of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder reservoir, or a single expanding reservoir undergoing adiabatic cooling, which performs adiabatic work.

What is needed is a form of heat treatment called differential hardening, where heat is carefully applied to part of the case until the desired softness is reached, and then the heat treatment process is halted by rapidly cooling the case.

While humans have developed clothing and other means of keeping warm, the hair found on the head serves as primary sources of heat insulation and cooling ( when sweat evaporates from soaked hair ) as well as protection from ultra-violet radiation exposure.

In hot environments, they generally use evaporative cooling to shed excess heat, either by sweating ( some mammals ) or panting ( many mammals and all birds )- mechanisms not generally present in poikilotherms.

Such extra-thick insulation not only permits a much smaller cooling installation, but will continue to reduce operating expenses both in heating and cooling.

Currently, even blades made of advanced metal alloys used in the engines ' hot section require cooling and careful limiting of operating temperatures.

While modern breweries with refrigeration and cooling tanks operate year-round, most old-fashioned sake breweries are seasonal, operating only in the cool winter months.

* increasingly in specialist scientific magnets, particularly where size and electricity consumption are critical ( while HTS wire is much more expensive than LTS in these applications, this can be offset by the relative cost and convenience of cooling ); the ability to ramp field is desired ( the higher and wider range of HTS's operating temperature means faster changes in field can be managed ); or cryogen free operation is desired ( LTS generally requires liquid helium that is becoming more scarce and expensive ).

The heat exchange surface areas and the corresponding temperature differential ( between the refrigerant and the air stream ) directly affect the operating pressures and hence the work the compressor has to do in order to provide the same heating or cooling effect.

Due to the broad variety of operating conditions, a personal cooling system must meet specific requirements, such as the rate and duration of cooling, need for physical mobility and autonomy, access to power, and conformance with health & safety regulations.

Their use as particle detectors was proposed from the beginning of the 20th century, but the first regular, though pioneering, use was only in the 1980s because of the difficulty associated with cooling and operating a system at cryogenic temperature.

In addition to power plants operating on each of the major lakes, waters of the Colorado are used for cooling the South Texas Nuclear Project, near Bay City.

This typically takes longer than heating the main cooling agent-water or mixtures thereof-up to its operating temperature.

Perhaps the most common example of purely mechanical thermostat technology in use today is the internal combustion engine cooling system thermostat, used to maintain the engine near its optimum operating temperature by regulating the flow of coolant to an air-cooled radiator.

* Reduce operating costs for energy and cooling

The Lewis Gun was the first true light machine gun that could in theory be operated by one man, though in practice the bulky ammo pans required an entire section of men to keep the gun operating ( Postwar research would show that its ingenious, but heavy and intricate, air cooling ducts were entirely unnecessary ).

To remove decay heat, the water cooling system was kept operating, leaking contaminated coolant to the floor.

Magnox fuel incorporated cooling fins to provide maximum heat transfer despite low operating temperatures, making it expensive to produce.

The T-90M features the ‘ Kaktus K-6 ’ bolted explosive reactive armour ( ERA ) package on its frontal hull and turret-top ( the T-90S has ‘ Kontakt-5 ’ ERA ), is fitted with an enhanced environmental control system supplied by Israel ’ s Kinetics Ltd for providing cooled air to the fighting compartment, has additional internal volume for housing the cryogenic cooling systems for new-generation thermal imagers like the THALES-built Catherine-FC thermal imager ( operating in the 8 – 12 micrometre bandwidth ).

This shutdown was extended when AECL, in consultation with the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission ( CNSC ), decided to connect seismically-qualified emergency power supplies ( EPS ) to two of the reactor's cooling pumps ( in addition to the AC and DC backup power systems already in place ), which had been required as part of its August 2006 operating licence issued by the CNSC.

The fuel system incorporated a relief valve that returned fuel to the tank when pressure in the leads to the carburetters exceeded 1. 5 psi in order to reduce the risk of vapour locks occurring at the engine's high operating temperature, while the car's battery, unusually, benefited from its own thermostatically controlled cooling fan.

When the engine is cool or even at normal operating temperature, the fan clutch partially disengages the engine's mechanically-driven radiator cooling fan, generally located at the front of the water pump and driven by a belt and pulley connected to the engine's crankshaft.

This is related to the maximum safe operating temperature, the ambient temperature or temperature range in which the device will be operated, and the method of cooling.

Heating and cooling a microreactor is also much quicker and operating temperatures can be as low as − 100 ° C.

Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits.