Simon was among the founding fathers of several of today's important scientific domains, including artificial intelligence, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, attention economics, organization theory, complex systems, and computer simulation of scientific discovery.

Simon wrote many articles on the topic over the course of his life mainly focusing on the issue of decision-making within the behavior of what he termed “ bounded rationality ”.

It was proposed by Herbert A. Simon as an alternative basis for the mathematical modeling of decision making, as used in economics and related disciplines ; it complements rationality as optimization, which views decision-making as a fully rational process of finding an optimal choice given the information available.

The Simon Fraser Student Society has only one major decision-making body-consisting of the student-elected Board of Directors.

In this role, he worked closely with the Chairman of the Police Committee, Alderman Simon Walsh, and chaired the Force's senior decision-making forum, the Strategic Management Board ( SMB ).

Lippmann believed that the public would affect the decision-making of the elite with their vote.

Such an accusation was made at Tony Blair as he was believed to have refrained from using the Cabinet as a collective decision-making body.

Over time demand from members of the imperial court who believed that onmyōdō divination would be helpful in decision-making made it necessary for the laity to perform the art, and onmyōji began to appear around the middle of the 7th century.

Under this paradigm, paramedics effectively assume the role of out-of-hospital field agents to regional emergency physicians, with clinical decision-making authority using standing orders or protocols.

* autonomy ( agents have capabilities of task selection, prioritization, goal-directed behaviour, decision-making without human intervention )

DSSs which perform selected cognitive decision-making functions and are based on artificial intelligence or intelligent agents technologies are called Intelligent Decision Support Systems ( IDSS ).

Individual agents are typically characterized as boundedly rational, presumed to be acting in what they perceive as their own interests, such as reproduction, economic benefit, or social status, using heuristics or simple decision-making rules.

Most agent-based models are composed of: ( 1 ) numerous agents specified at various scales ( typically referred to as agent-granularity ); ( 2 ) decision-making heuristics ; ( 3 ) learning rules or adaptive processes ; ( 4 ) an interaction topology ; and ( 5 ) a non-agent environment.

Furthermore, particular areas respond more to a face that is considered attractive, as seen in another study: " Facial beauty evokes a widely distributed neural network involving perceptual, decision-making and reward circuits.

I don ’ t expect ordinary decent Irish people will be sitting down spending hours reading sections about sub-sections referring to other articles and sub-articles, but there is sufficient analysis done and people have put together a consolidated text which is quite easy to read ... Anyone who thinks that, as the reality and inevitability of EU enlargement has taken hold, that we can continue to tackle urgent problems without streamlining of the decision-making process is failing to face up to reality.

The fundamental theorem of poker is a principle first articulated by David Sklansky that he believes expresses the essential nature of poker as a game of decision-making in the face of incomplete information.

The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.

( Neustadt and Fineberg's classic study of decision-making under extreme uncertainty.

* Part IV: Uncertain Knowledge and Reasoning-This section is analogous to Parts III and IV but deals with reasoning and decision-making in the presence of uncertainty in the environment.

An advantage of antecedent planning is removal of significant degrees of uncertainty in a context of coordinated and unified information gathering and decision-making prior to the commitment of resources.

It is a cumbersome, time-consuming and costly piece of legislation that adds considerable uncertainty to business decision-making.

Their aim was to produce " task which simulates in real time, personal real-life decision-making relative to the way it factors uncertainty of premises and outcomes, as well as reward and punishment " ( p. 8 ).

The Somatic Marker Hypothesis represents an intriguing model of how feedback from the body may contribute to both advantageous and disadvantageous decision-making in situations of complexity and uncertainty.

A news organization's budget inevitably reflects decision-making about what news to cover, for what audience, and in what depth.

He has wavered about whether the precise aim is the total amount of satisfied interests or the most satisfied interests among those beings who already exist prior to the decision-making.

A primary theme of Dune and its sequels is Frank Herbert's warning about society's tendencies to " give over every decision-making capacity " to a charismatic leader.

This leads from the assumption that people are excluded ( Ribot, 2007 ) by the state in decision-making, causing them to appear to not care, when in fact they do but can do little about it.

The communicator role can involve the press and the rest of the outside world, as well as the organization's management and employees ; the decision-making role involves high-level decisions about policy and strategy.

As decision makers have to make decisions about how and when to decide, Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying decision-making procedures.

* Preferred practice pattern, policy document based on clinical evidence and expert consensus to assist the clinician in decision-making about treating specific disease

In the opening scene of the play when Antigone is about to perform the burial rituals on Polynices, Ismene serves as the compassionate but rational and prudent counterpart to Antigone's headstrong style of decision-making with no regard for consequence.

The sum originally paid should not affect any rational future decision-making about the car, regardless of the resale value: if the owner can derive more value from selling the car than not selling it, then it should be sold, regardless of the price paid.

After Yomiuri chairman Tsuneo Watanabe ordered Kiyotake to replace Okazaki with Suguru Egawa, Kiyotake called a public press conference on 11 November 2011 to complain about Watanabe's interference in the club's decision-making processes.

Consensus decision-making is a group decision making process that seeks the consent, not necessarily agreement about the " favorite " choice of all participants.

" If there are significant reservations about a motion, the decision-making body may choose to modify or re-word the proposal.

Although humanity has no generally accepted definition of conscience or universal agreement about its role in ethical decision-making, three approaches have addressed it.

The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that is active when engaged in complicated cognitive activities such as planning, generating goals and strategies, intuitive decision-making, and metacognition ( thinking about thinking ).

" We will put patients at the heart of the NHS, through an information revolution and greater choice and control ’ with shared decision-making becoming the norm: ‘ no decision about me without me ’ and patients having access

Students hold decision-making authority in determinations about admissions, curriculum, and faculty hiring.

The sense of the argument is along these lines: equal opportunity rules regarding, say, a hiring decision within a factory, made to bring about greater fairness, violate a factory owner's rights to run the factory as he or she sees best ; it has been argued that a factory owner's right to property encompasses all decision-making within the factory as being part of those property rights.

Furthermore it is possible to relax the assumptions of perfect information, rationality and so forth in various ways, and produce a series of different prescriptions or predictions about behaviour, allowing for further tests of the kind of decision-making that occurs in practice.

Margaret Singer defines " Deprogramming providing members with information about the cult and showing them how their own decision-making power had been taken away from them " ( Singer 1995 ), a definition which is also applicable to exit counseling.

Max More ( born Max T. O ' Connor, January 1964 ) is a philosopher and futurist who writes, speaks, and consults on advanced decision-making about emerging technologies.

argue, as do Gollwittzer and Kinney, that while illusory beliefs about control may promote goal striving, they are not conducive to sound decision-making.

Civic engagement can be understood to include three distinct dimensions: political knowledge ( what people learn about public affairs ), political trust ( the public's orientation of support for the political system ), and political participation ( conventional activities designed to influence government and the decision-making process ).

* Education about death and its aftermath, especially as it relates to decision-making.