Following Meighen into civilian life were: Robert Borden, who served as Chancellor of Queen's and McGill Universities, as well as working in the financial sector ; Lester B. Pearson, who acted as Chancellor of Carleton University ; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups ; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice.

Adams ' youngest son, Charles Francis Adams ( who named his own son John Quincy ), also pursued a career in diplomacy and politics.

Belgium pursued a policy of strong anti-Iraq-war diplomacy during the Iraq crisis of 2003, and formally and officially opposed the Iraq War.

At home the " Reduction " was cautiously pursued, while abroad the successful conclusion of the great peace congress at Ryswick was justly regarded as a signal triumph of Sweden's peaceful diplomacy.

The book content, according to its preface, is divided into four sections: i ) a key to the foreign policy in the most dangerous and complicated area of the contemporary political scene, the area of northerners and Scythians, ii ) a lesson in the diplomacy to be pursued in dealing with the nations of the same area, iii ) a comprehensive geographic and historical survey of most of the surrounding nations and iv ) a summary of the recent internal history, politics and organization of the Empire.

I agree with Mr. Murtha that security and stability in Iraq should be pursued through diplomacy.

In an open breach with White House policy, they argued that the multilateral diplomacy pursued by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was encouraging the Iranians to snub the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) and develop a nuclear bomb under cover of a peaceful energy program.

In June 1785 he was sent for a time as Prussian ambassador to the courts of Mainz, Zweibrücken and Darmstadt, but he soon felt a distaste for diplomacy, and in 1786-1787 he was able to indulge his taste for travel by a tour in England, where he pursued his researches into commercial and mining affairs.

There is evidence that this reading has had an explicit influence on the diplomacy of modern times: in South Korea's Sunshine Policy, for instance, or Japanese relations with the military regime in Burma.

Confronted with the rise of Hitler's power on the continent in 1933, and weakened economically by the Great Depression, Great Britain sought initially to avoid or delay war through diplomacy ( Appeasement ), while at the same time re-arming ( Neville Chamberlain's European Policy ).

The Common Foreign and Security Policy ( CFSP ) is the organised, agreed foreign policy of the European Union ( EU ) for mainly security and defence diplomacy and actions.

Clark's views were not made public until March 1930 during the Hoover administration, when Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson was guiding American diplomacy toward the beginning of a Good Neighbor Policy with its Latin American neighbors.

*" Cuba's health diplomacy ", British Broadcasting Corporation, February 25, 2010.

Under the Covenant of the League of Nations, all League members agreed that where there was a dispute between states which they " recognize to be suitable for submission to arbitration and which cannot be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy ", the matter would be submitted to the Court for arbitration, with suitable disputes being over the interpretation of an international treaty, a question on international law, the validity of facts which, if true, would breach international obligations and the nature of any reparations to be made for breaching international obligations.

Despite the proviso that the Court was for disputes " which cannot be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy ", the Court never required evidence that diplomatic discussions had been attempted before bringing the case.

The historian George Herring has said that while the purchase was somewhat the result of Jefferson and Madison's " shrewd and sometimes belligerent diplomacy ", that it " is often and rightly regarded as a diplomatic windfall — the result of accident, luck, and the whim of Napoleon Bonaparte.

This policy of parliamentary procedure was based on the assumption of the political equality of every " gentleman ", with the corollary that unanimous consent was needed for all measures The Commonwealth could never be liquidated unless its longtime ally, Austria, allowed it, and first Catherine had to use diplomacy to win Austria to her side.

* 1903-Big Stick diplomacy: Theodore Roosevelt refers to U. S. policy as " speaking softly and carrying a big stick ", applied the same year by assisting Panama's independence movement from Colombia.

The other was through diplomacy, which produced a sheaf of forged documents, the so-called " Symmachean forgeries ", of judgments in ecclesiastical law to support Symmachus ' claim that as pope he could not be called to account.

Realpolitik ( see also Political realism ; from German: " realistic ", " practical " or " actual "; and " politics ", ) refers to politics or diplomacy based primarily on power and on practical and material factors and considerations, rather than ideological notions or moralistic or ethical premises.

In foreign policy, Hu advocated for " China's peaceful development ", pursuing soft power in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy.

His abrasive style earned him the nickname " Lord Pumice Stone ", and his manner of dealing with foreign governments who crossed him was the original " gunboat diplomacy ".

In a round of " secondary diplomacy ", he sent commercial agents to the Caribbean to negotiate opening ports in Bermuda, the West Indies, and Cuba to Confederate blockade runners to maintain supplies, which the Union was trying to prevent.

Self-identifying " a warrior and not a courtier ", he is prone to disregard diplomacy and tact in favour of brute force but he is also able to use cunning.

The action was seen " not just as a diplomatic affront ", but as a " declaration of war on diplomacy itself ".

The " Bolivarian Revolution " under Chávez has also refocused Venezuelan foreign policy on Latin American economic and social integration by enacting bilateral trade and reciprocal aid agreements, including his so-called " oil diplomacy ", which provides cheap oil to poor neighbouring nations.

In the meetings of the " Big Four ", in which Orlando's powers of diplomacy were inhibited by his lack of English the Great powers were only willing to offer Trentino to the Brenner, the Dalmatian port of Zara, the Island of Lagosta and a couple of small German colonies.

His role as Duke of Ankh largely involves diplomacy ( his visit to Überwald in The Fifth Elephant for example ), in fact, his rough and ready upbringing has given him some unexpected advantages in this field, ( he once, after a bad day at work, threatened to personally send an opposing diplomat " home in an ambulance ", an act that caused the man to order an immediate troop withdrawal ).

Leader Vladimir Lenin stated that the Soviet Union was surrounded by a " hostile capitalist encirclement ", and he viewed diplomacy as a weapon to keep Soviet enemies divided, beginning with the establishment of the Soviet Comintern, which called for revolutionary upheavals abroad.

In the 18th century, due to extreme turbulence in European diplomacy and ongoing cultural, social, economic, political and military conflicts, the practice of diplomacy was often fragmented by the necessity to deal with isolated issues, termed " affairs ", and therefore while domestic management of such issues was termed civil affairs ( peasant riots, treasury shortfalls, and court intrigues ), the term foreign affairs was applied to the management of temporary issues outside the sovereign realm.

She decided to continue what she called " personal diplomacy ", which meant traveling and visiting people in other states or other nations.

President Arroyo mourned Ople as " an architect of Philippine foreign policy in the finest tradition of enlightened and pragmatic diplomacy ", while U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell hailed him as " one of the pivotal figures of the late Twentieth Century for Philippine history ".

In March 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd defined his country's foreign policy as one of " middle power diplomacy ", along the lines of similar criteria.

This announcement has been described as the policy of " speaking softly but carrying a big stick ", and consequently launched a period of " big stick " diplomacy, in contrast with later Dollar Diplomacy.

In 1934, Bill Woodfull led Australia back to England on a tour that had been under a cloud after the tempestuous cricket diplomacy of the previous bodyline series.

Since then, the Forum has documented new insights derived from this timeline and subsequent discoveries in permanent resources including the exhibit An Uncommon Commitment to Peace, and its companion catalogue, recognized by the Library of Congress as the most accessible educational resource on the subject, a Portsmouth Peace Treaty Trail ( and map supported by the New Hampshire Division of Tourism ), a curriculum guide for grades 4-8 distributed to all school districts in New Hampshire, a series of New Hampshire Humanities Council lectures and articles on the Treaty and New Hampshire's citizen diplomacy and a variety of commemorative events.

Set in the late 1920s in China, this was an early entry in a series of Vietnam war era films ( Catch-22, M * A * S * H ), which, though set in other periods of wartime, nevertheless sounded with its depictions of gunboat diplomacy what would come to be recognized as timeless themes.

An international turning point in military diplomacy was the Washington Conference of 1921 – 22, which produced a series of agreements that effected a new order in the Pacific region.

Closely resembling the series of little conflicts fought by the European powers in Asia, Africa and elsewhere during the Nineteenth Century, the troubles in Japan seemed to exemplify their gunboat diplomacy, a prevalent tool in imperialism.

The British diplomat and naval thinker James Cable spelled out the nature of gunboat diplomacy in a series of works published between 1971 and 1994.

In 1934, having been reappointed to a position on the selection panel, Woodfull led Australia back to England on a tour that had been under a cloud after the tempestuous cricket diplomacy of the previous bodyline series.

The central aspects of Warlords game series are units, heroes, cities and diplomacy.

The second series introduced even more new characters to keep the show fresh, such as Blaxploitation Pope, who is Lucius T. Kool III, a ghetto brother and leader of the Catholic Church ; President Umbukele, who is an expert in diplomacy and acquiring foreign aid, but then spends it all on silly things ; bad influence Granddad ; and a family of animated polar bears with Brummie accents, who live at Dudley zoo.

The first series he initiated was the African Historical Dictionaries, but these were joined over the years by other series, including on Asia and Europe, on literature and the arts, wars, historical periods, U. S. diplomacy and history, professions and industries, and others.

Either through force or diplomacy, the newcomers enlisted the Baka as guides, and they founded a series of new settlements, including Bung-Ngwang (" bathing area in the Nyong River ") and Mess ' a Mena (" crossroads ") – later renamed Abong-Mbang and Messaména.

He was also known for his involvement in several cricket diplomacy incidents in his career, accused of leaking the infamous verbal exchange between Australian captain Bill Woodfull and English manager Plum Warner during the acrimonious Bodyline series, and later of causing sectarian tension within the team by leading a group of players of Irish Catholic descent in undermining the leadership of the Protestant Don Bradman.

His first posting was to Instanbul where he " spent two happy years learning the craft of diplomacy and playing upon the head of Chancery a series of ingenious practical jokes.

A former research fellow for the edition series Acta Pacis Wesphalicae, she has published works on French diplomacy at the Congress of Westphalia and is currently doing work on the Franco-Spanish War of the 1650s.