:* Pareto optimality, or Pareto efficiency, a concept used in economics, game theory, engineering, and the social sciences

These include Occam's razor as a principle of philosophy and the Pareto principle of economics.

Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a concept in economics with applications in engineering.

In economics, a deadweight loss ( also known as excess burden or allocative inefficiency ) is a loss of economic efficiency that can occur when equilibrium for a good or service is not Pareto optimal.

* Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, a concept in economics

* Pareto index, a measure of the breadth of income distribution in economics

Additionally, many theories were developed which showed that the free market would produce the socially optimum equilibrium with regard to production of goods and services, such as the fundamental theorems of welfare economics and general equilibrium theory, which helped prove further that government intervention could only result in making society worse off ( see Pareto efficient ).

From a public economics perspective, subsidies of any kind work to create a socially and politically acceptable equilibrium that is not necessarily Pareto Efficient.

A common concept of efficiency used by law and economics scholars is Pareto efficiency.

( The marginal rate of transformation in production will not be equal to the marginal rate of substitution in consumption due to the effect of the externality and as a result Pareto optimality will not occur — see welfare economics for an explanation.

Welfare economics typically takes individual preferences as given and stipulates a welfare improvement in Pareto efficiency terms from social state A to social state B if at least one person prefers B and no one else opposes it.

economics, one can already consider the works of Léon Walras and Vilfredo Pareto as part of it.

In modern welfare economics, there is a greater emphasis on Pareto optimality, in which no one's economic status can be improved without worsening someone else's.

* Strong Pareto optimum, a concept in economics when no further improvements can be made

* Misery index ( economics )

So feminist economics calls for a more comprehensive index which includes participation in unpaid work.

There is a large technical economics literature on index formulae which would approximate this and which can be shown to approximate what economic theorists call a true cost of living index.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of inflation, or the rate of increase of a price index such as the consumer price index.

Y = 2x + 3In economics, a cardinal utility function or scale is a utility index that preserves preference orderings uniquely up to positive affine transformations.

Substitution bias describes a bias in economics index numbers arising from tendency to purchase inexpensive substitutes for expensive items when prices change.

In economics and finance, an index is a statistical measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points.

In economics, index numbers generally are time series summarising movements in a group of related variables.

# REDIRECT Misery index ( economics )

* Also, the auditorium of the school of economics in Universidad Francisco Marroquín in Guatemala is named after him.

* George Mason University has an economics essay award named in honor of Hayek.

* The Mont Pelerin Society has a quadrennial economics essay contest named in his honor.

The professorship is named after David Boies ' father, a high school teacher of government and economics.

* Game Theory ( Sport ) — named after the science of predicting outcomes in a certain situation this column focuses on " sports major and minor " and " the politics, economics, science and statistics of the games we play and watch.

The protagonist Frances " Baby " Houseman ( named after Mount Holyoke graduate Frances Perkins ) plans to attend Mount Holyoke in the fall to study economics of underdeveloped countries and then to later enter the Peace Corps.

In economics it is more often named " technological change ".

Cocker founded " Arabacus Pulp " ( named after a tradeable commodity he saw in an economics class ) at the age of 15 while he was still at The City School.

In 2008, Time magazine named this blog one of the " Top 15 Green Websites ", writing that it " counters bad science and inane rhetoric with original analysis delivered sharply .... Romm occupies the intersection of climate science, economics and policy .... On his blog and in his most recent book, Hell and High Water, you can find some of the most cogent, memorable, and deployable arguments for immediate and overwhelming action to confront global warming.

The Way the World Works initiated a revival in classical economics and was named one of the 100 most influential books of the 20th century by National Review magazine.

Say's law, or the law of market, is an economic principle of classical economics named after the French businessman and economist Jean-Baptiste Say ( 1767 – 1832 ), who stated that " products are paid for with products " and " a glut can take place only when there are too many means of production applied to one kind of product and not enough to another ".

The Adam Smith Institute, abbreviated to ASI, is a think tank based in the United Kingdom, named after one of the founders of modern economics, Adam Smith.

* Branch of Russian economics academy named after G. V.

Gardner Hall, a dormitory at Appalachian State University, is also named for him, as is the economics building at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as is one of the biology buildings at North Carolina State University.

In economics and commerce, the Bertrand paradox — named after its creator, Joseph Bertrand — describes a situation in which two players ( firms ) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms charge a price equal to marginal cost.

In economics, an Edgeworth box, named after Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, is a way of representing various distributions of resources.

The Harris – Todaro model, named after John R. Harris and Michael Todaro, is an economic model developed in 1970 and used in development economics and welfare economics to explain some of the issues concerning rural-urban migration.

In economics, Okun's law ( named after Arthur Melvin Okun ) is an empirically observed relationship relating unemployment to losses in a country's production.

He was named a Rhodes Scholar upon graduation and studied political philosophy and economics under Isaiah Berlin at Balliol College.

The Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika ( PG-RNA ) advocated / advocates a form of cooperative economics through the building of New Communities — named after the Ujamaa concept promoted by Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere ; militant self-defense through the building of local people's militias and an aboveground standing army called the Black Legion ; and respect for international law through the building of organizations that champion the right of self-determination for people of African descent.

* Construction News Awards 2012 – Franklin + Andrews, Mott MacDonald ’ s specialist construction economics business, was named Quantity Surveyor of the Year for the second year running.

In the field of economics he is best known for his work in the field of oligopoly theory — Cournot competition which is named after him.

Despite his training in economics and law, he was considered something of an unlikely pick to replace Ross Perot, Jr., who was named executive chairman.