( As a side effect, this provision means that MPs seeking to resign from parliament can get around the age-old prohibition on resignation by obtaining a low-salary sinecure in the pay of the Crown ; while several offices have been used for this purpose, two are currently in use.

The provision took effect in 1878 on the death of his widow and was awarded by the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

Some national constitutions in effect define their governments ' " core businesses " as being the provision of such things as justice, tranquility, defense, and general welfare.

Covers were customary in the music industry at the time ; it was made particularly easy by the compulsory license provision of United States copyright law ( still in effect ).

The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the India Act in 1833, a provision of which transferred control of St Helena from the East India Company to the Crown with effect from 2 April 1834.

However, there is no provision in Canadian law requiring that the king or queen of Canada must be the same person as the king or queen of the United Kingdom ; if the UK were to breach the convention set out in the preamble to the Statute of Westminster and unilaterally change the line of succession to the British throne, the alteration would have no effect on the reigning sovereign of Canada or his or her heirs and successors.

They constitute, in effect, non-aggression agreements of unlimited duration, but they contain in themselves no provision for establishing normal relations between the neighbouring countries.

As many states continued to regulate the operations of motor carriers within their own state, the intrastate aspect of the trucking and bus industries was addressed in the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act of 1994, which provided that " a State, political subdivision of a State, or political authority of two or more States may not enact or enforce a law, regulation, or other provision having the force and effect of law related to a price, route, or service of any motor carrier.

This provision was to remain in effect for a period of eight years after the Free State constitution came into force ( i. e. 6 December 1930 ).

This is important because, under British Law, unless there is any provision to the contrary, an Act takes effect on the date in which it receives Royal Assent, and that date is not regarded as being the date when the Letters Patent are signed, or when they are delivered to the presiding officers of each House, but the date in which both Houses have been formally acquainted of the conferral of Assent to the Act.

Public works such as the provision and regulation transportation such as railroads took effect.

A provision which, in effect, granted them a status similar to the citizens of Commonwealth countries.

Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Company,, aff'd on reh ' g,, with a ruling of 5 – 4, was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the provision that direct taxes be apportioned.

It was nominally prohibited by section 16 of the Schedule to the Irish Free State ( Agreement ) Act 1922 from making any law which directly or indirectly discriminated against a religion, although this provision had little effect.

This provision had the effect of restoring the copyrights in certain works which had entered the public domain in countries with shorter copyright terms.

Language in Resolution 1441 recalled that the use of " all means necessary " was still authorized and in effect from Resolution 678, and therefore maintained that if Iraq failed to comply with the " one final chance to comply " provision of Resolution 1441, then military action would be the result.

The University Charter of 1900 also included provision for a Faculty of Commerce, as was appropriate for a university itself founded by industrialists and based in a city with enormous business wealth, in effect creating the first Business School in England.

Von Colson and Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen ECR 1891 Case 14 / 83 established that Directives can have indirect effect in where an individual takes action in a national court against another individual, where a Directive can never have direct effect, or where the provision of the directive is not sufficiently clear and unconditional to have direct effect.

Often, such a provision is used as a compromise or out of practicality, to effect new rules without upsetting a well-established logistical or political situation.

This is further reinforced under section 6 ( 1 ) of the current Sentencing Act 2002 which provides, " enal enactments not to have retrospective effect to disadvantage of offender " irrespective of any provision to the contrary.

Since the reconciliation bill has covered as many as ten years, the fifth provision can have the effect of requiring that any tax cut or spending increase be approved by a three-fifths majority, or else the law must return to its previous state after ten years.

The provision also came into effect after the disappearance and presumed death of the Liberal Prime Minister Harold Holt in December 1967.

It has operated commercially since the late 1960s, holding in effect a monopoly on domestic service.

Hall effect thrusters had operated on Soviet satellites since 1972.

London had a hydraulic network powered by five pumping stations operated by the London Hydraulic Power Company, with a total effect of 5 MW.

The designs were underpowered and only operated in a ground-cushion effect, much like a hovercraft.

The Railways Act of 1921 created four large railway companies which were in effect geographical monopolies, albeit with competition at their boundaries, and with some lines either reaching into competitor territory, or being jointly operated.

In effect the Land Army operated to place women with farms that needed workers, the farmers being their employers.

It is difficult to say whether this specific event had a negative effect on Murphy's reputation locally with the Confederate affiliated Masons, or if his subsequent election as Reconstruction governor incited retaliation against the two colleges being operated by Murphy.

Vehicles driven by electric motors use the motor as a generator when using regenerative braking: it is operated as a generator during braking and its output is supplied to an electrical load ; the transfer of energy to the load provides the braking effect.

When operated as a generator, one side of the device is heated to a temperature greater than the other side, and as a result, a difference in voltage will build up between the two sides ( the Seebeck effect ).

The opinion that Wilkes had operated without orders and had erred by, in effect, holding a prize court on the deck of the San Jacinto was being spread.

If an incandescent lamp is operated on a low-frequency current, the filament cools on each half-cycle of the alternating current, leading to perceptible change in brightness and flicker of the lamps ; the effect is more pronounced with arc lamps, and the later mercury-vapor and fluorescent lamps.

The public service obligation route operated for a period of 3 years as British Airways, with effect from 22 July 2005.

: Hydraulic disc brakes use rotors attached to the hubs with hydraulically operated brake mechanisms that force ceramic pads against the rotors to effect braking.

Promoters furthermore made a convincing case that only the federal government could effect the desired projects, since the federal budget typically operated in surplus while the states lacked adequate resources, and the states faced difficult coordination problems best solved through national political institutions.

In effect, by introducing a requirement based on an individual's residence and domicile, the Act operated an unfair distinction between UK nationals and those from other Member States as " the great majority of nationals of the are resident and domiciled in that State and therefore meet that requirement automatically, whereas nationals of other Member States would, in most cases, have to move their residence and domicile to UK in order to comply with the requirements of 1988 Act.

The sonde is lightweight system designed to be operated by one person and is launched through a chute system installed in the measuring aircraft, with immediate deployment of the parachute to reduce or eliminate any pendulum effect, and typically drops from three to five minutes.

It was equipped with ergonomically designed and located window switch on the top of the door pull handle operated by the drivers thumb, and the instrument lighting being much more noticeable at night than during the day, using a reverse effect of white light on the gauges with black numbers.

The station operated from April 1960 until August 1974, when the Dutch ratification of the Strassbourg treaty came into effect, after which Radio Veronica — then called VOO — became part of the regular Dutch broadcasting system, but was unable to retain its popularity.

An effect of this is that there is no pawl to be operated, and the paddles cannot be accidentally dropped shut.

Pantographs are typically operated by compressed air from the vehicle's braking system, either to raise the unit and hold it against the conductor or, when springs are used to effect the extension, to lower it.

Its effect was communicated to another barge beyond the one operated upon and also to a large wharf building containing their stores ( enemy ’ s ), which was totally destroyed.

* Galactic Coordinator, a semi-political post which, in effect, was a military governorship over the second of the two galaxies in which the Patrol operated.

By connecting his electrically operated chimes with outdoor loudspeakers, he was later able to create the effect of church bells.

Estoppel by convention as understood in English law ( also known as estoppel by agreement ) occurs where two parties negotiates or operates a contract based on a shared assumption or mutual understanding of a legal effect ( or interpretation ) of that contract, they are bound by that belief, assumption or understanding if ( i ) they both knew the other operated under the same, and ( ii ) they both regulated their subsequent dealings on the same.