This type of reaction is a halogenation and an electrophilic addition.

There are several processes for the halogenation of organic compounds, including free radical halogenation, ketone halogenation, electrophilic halogenation, and halogen addition reaction.

In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

# redirect electrophilic halogenation

Most addition reactions to alkenes follow the mechanism of electrophilic addition.

For example, in the electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide, an electrophile ( proton ) attacks the double bond forming a carbocation, which then reacts with the nucleophile ( bromine ).

If the addition of a functional group takes place at the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond, then the electrophilic substitution with acids is not possible.

While the addition to the electron-rich alkenes and alkynes is mainly electrophilic, the nucleophilic addition plays an important role for the carbon-heteroatom multiple bonds, and especially its most important representative, the carbonyl group.

Typical N values with s in parenthesis are-4. 47 ( 1. 32 ) for electrophilic aromatic substitution to toluene ( 1 ),-0. 41 ( 1. 12 ) for electrophilic addition to 1-phenyl-2-propene ( 2 ), and 0. 96 ( 1 ) for addition to 2-methyl-1-pentene ( 3 ),-0. 13 ( 1. 21 ) for reaction with triphenylallylsilane ( 4 ), 3. 61 ( 1. 11 ) for reaction with 2-methylfuran ( 5 ), + 7. 48 ( 0. 89 ) for reaction with isobutenyltributylstannane ( 6 ) and + 13. 36 ( 0. 81 ) for reaction with the enamine 7.

They have high dielectric constants, very high thermal conductivity, high flash points ( from 170 to 380 ° C ) and are chemically fairly inert, being extremely resistant to oxidation, reduction, addition, elimination, and electrophilic substitution.

This is a electrophilic addition reaction.

Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, but not electrophilic addition reactions as happens with carbon-carbon double bonds.

The reaction is a form of electrophilic addition ; it is similar to the halogen addition reaction.

Oxymercuration-reduction The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition organic reaction that transforms an alkene into a neutral alcohol.

In halolactonization, an alkene is attacked by a halogen via electrophilic addition with the cationic intermediate captured intramolecularly by an adjacent carboxylic acid ( See also iodolactamization ), for example in this iodolactonization:

There are two main types of polar addition reactions: electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition.

Top to bottom: electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free radical addition of halide to alkene

* Electrophilic halogens: elemental fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and electrophilic salts such as sodium hypochlorite or N-chloro compounds such as chloramine-T ; halide ions are not corrosive, except for fluoride

They are formed by electrophilic chlorination of biphenyl with chlorine gas.

Typical electrophilic additions to alkenes with reagents are:

A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrohalic acids like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes.

The interaction of DMSO and hydrochloric acid yields an electrophilic sulfenium ion that reacts with the aromatic amine in an electrophilic addition.

In contrast nitroxylation of 1 with nitric acid gives the apical nitrate 4 as an intermediate which is hydrolyzed to the apical alcohol 5 due to the higher steric demand of the active electrophilic NO < sub > 2 </ sub >-HNO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup > species.

#: The electrophilic Br-Br molecule interacts with electron-rich alkene molecule to form a π-complex 1.

The two electrophilic reaction mechanisms, S < sub > E </ sub > 1 and S < sub > E </ sub > 2 ( Substitution Electrophilic ), are also similar to the nucleophile counterparts S < sub > N </ sub > 1 and S < sub > N </ sub > 2.

The subsequent reaction proceeds by an S < sub > N </ sub > 1 mechanism due to the presence of the electrophilic carbocation and a nucleophilic halide anion, thus resulting in the final product.

The electrophilic addition reaction of hydrogen bromide to 1, 3-butadiene above room temperature leads predominantly to the thermodynamically more stable 1, 4 adduct, 1-bromo-2-butene, but decreasing the reaction temperature to below room temperature favours the kinetic 1, 2 adduct, 3-bromo-1-butene.

The Michaelis – Arbuzov reaction is initiated with the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction of the nucleophilic phosphite ( 1 ) with the electrophilic alkyl halide ( 2 ) to give a phosphonium intermediate ( 3 ).

What follows is a 1, 2-rearrangement when an alkyl substituent on the anionic boron migrates to the adjacent electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group.

The final cyclophane is put together by reaction with 1, 3, 5-tris ( mercaptomethyl ) benzene with nucleophilic sulfhydryl groups and electrophilic alkyl bromides in a Nucleophilic aliphatic Substitution.

The overall reaction for electrophilic addition to ethylene.

This is commonly performed using electrophilic methyl sources-iodomethane, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, or less commonly with the more powerful ( and more dangerous ) methylating reagents of methyl triflate or methyl fluorosulfonate ( magic methyl ), which all react via S < sub > N </ sub > 2 nucleophilic substitution.

electrophilic addition ), but with the SN2 ( cf.

# They undergo electrophilic substitution reactions and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.

The two main types are electrophilic aromatic substitution when the active reagent is an electrophile and nucleophilic aromatic substitution when the reagent is a nucleophile.

This general reaction has been extensively developed and electrophilic alkynes are especially effective dienophiles.

These reactions can be distinguished by the type of substituting species into a nucleophilic, electrophilic or radical substitution.

This reaction takes place almost exclusively in aromatic hydrocarbons, where it is called electrophilic aromatic substitution.

An alternative to aromatic substitution is electrophilic aliphatic substitution.

Thus, ketones are nucleophilic at oxygen and electrophilic at carbon.

A pyrimidine has many properties in common with pyridine, as the number of nitrogen atoms in the ring increases the ring pi electrons become less energetic and electrophilic aromatic substitution gets more difficult while nucleophilic aromatic substitution gets easier.

Lipscomb investigated, "... the carboranes, C < sub > 2 </ sub > B < sub > 10 </ sub > H < sub > 12 </ sub >, and the sites of electrophilic attack on these compounds using nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy.