According to many of Descartes ' specialists, including Étienne Gilson, the goal of Descartes in establishing this first truth is to demonstrate the capacity of his criterion — the immediate clarity and distinctiveness of self-evident propositions — to establish true and justified propositions despite having adopted a method of generalized doubt.

" In saying this, the Pope affirmed that Jews were full members of the human community – which is Goldhagen's own criterion for establishing ' dissent from the anti-Semitic creed.

Jenkins was principal sponsor, in 1959, of the bill which became the liberalising Obscene Publications Act, responsible for establishing the " liable to deprave and corrupt " criterion as a basis for a prosecution of suspect material and for specifying literary merit as a possible defence.

Wollaston supported this theory by referring to the thesis of a young medical student at Edinburgh, Charles Darwin ( 1758-1778 ), " Experiments establishing a criterion between mucaginous and purulent matter.

The application for which Eisenstein developed his criterion was establishing the irreducibility of certain polynomials with coefficients in the Gaussian integers that arise in the study of the division of the lemnsicate into pieces of equal arc-length.

The close relationship of the Baltic and Slavic languages is indicated by a series of exclusive isoglosses representing innovations not shared with any other branch of the Indo-European ( IE ) language family ( especially in their phonology ) and by the fact that the relative chronology of these innovations can be established, which is the most important criterion for establishing genetic relationship in historical linguistics.

He believed that magnificent scenery should be the first criterion in establishing a national park, and made efforts to have new parks established before the lands were developed for other purposes.

In many of cryptic species, measurements ( such as the relative lengths of wing feathers in warblers ) are vital in establishing identity.

In Saint Petersburg his name was given to the National Metrology Institute dealing with establishing and supporting national and worldwide standards for precise measurements.

Furthermore, as alluded to above, a particular type of surveying known as " land surveying " ( also per ACSM ) is the detailed study or inspection, as by gathering information through observations, measurements in the field, questionnaires, or research of legal instruments, and data analysis in the support of planning, designing, and establishing of property boundaries.

WMAP's measurements played the key role in establishing the current Standard Model of Cosmology: the Lambda-CDM model.

The MDGs are also argued to help the human development by providing a measurement of human development that is not based solely on income, prioritizing interventions, establishing obtainable objectives with operationalized measurements of progress ( though the data needed to measure progress is difficult to obtain ), and increasing the developed world ’ s involvement in worldwide poverty reduction.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) was instrumental in establishing an accurate age of the universe, though other measurements must be folded in to gain an accurate number.

His measurements of polarization of Vela Pulsar were decisive in establishing the picture of a magnetized rotating neutron star and led him to propose the paradigm of curvature radiation from polar caps of neutron stars which has dominated the subject of pulsar emission mechanisms since that time.

Joule's more exact measurements were pivotal in establishing the kinetic theory at the expense of caloric.

Joule's more exact measurements on equivalence were pivotal in establishing the kinetic theory at the expense of the caloric theory.

After the demise of the A.L.A.M., the time was propitious for establishing such a pool.

Its intent was to provide the basis for discussions of reunion with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches, but it had the ancillary effect of establishing parameters of Anglican identity.

When Darnley died in 1927 his widow presented the urn to the Marylebone Cricket Club and that was the key event in establishing the urn as the physical embodiment of the legendary ashes.

Odysseus, at least, accused him of this crime and Ajax was to be stoned to death, but saved himself by establishing his innocence with an oath.

Here Alexios III eventually surrendered, with Euphrosyne, to Marquis Boniface of Montferrat, who was establishing himself as ruler of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.

His campaigns were successful and, on 25 July 1139, he obtained an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Ourique, and straight after was unanimously proclaimed King of the Portuguese by his soldiers, establishing his equality in rank to the other realms of the Peninsula.

It was an extremely important post for American exploration of the continent and was influential in establishing American claims to the land.

In 1167, Nur ad-Din sent Shirkuh back to Egypt and Amalric once again followed him, establishing a camp near Cairo ; Shawar again allied with Amalric and a treaty was signed with the caliph al-Adid himself.

There was also perhaps a feeling that establishing long-term security for the Asian Greeks would prove impossible.

All the cars established a good racing pedigree for the firm, but the DB4 was the key to establishing the company's reputation, which was cemented by the famous DB5 in 1963.

The Arrhenius definition of acid – base reactions is a development of the hydrogen theory of acids, devised by Svante Arrhenius, which was used to provide a modern definition of acids and bases that followed from his work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution in 1884, and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for " recognition of the extraordinary services ... rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation ".

He played a major role in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society.

Big Brother was establishing punishments and was proposing hard tasks and secret tricks.

In the same year the Act of Parliament establishing the British Library was passed, separating the collection of manuscripts and printed books from the British Museum.

In the former, so weakened was the defeated King John of England that he soon needed to submit to his barons demands and sign the Magna Carta, limiting the power of the crown and establishing the basis for common law.

Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.

In 1513, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued a decree establishing the encomienda land settlement system that was to be incorporated throughout the Spanish Americas.

One of its leaders, Joaquín Infante, drafted Cuba's first constitution, declaring the island a sovereign state, presuming the rule of the countries ' wealthy, maintaining slavery as long as it was necessary for agriculture, establishing a social classification based on skin colour and declaring Catholicism the official religion.

A recent example is the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union which was intended to be included in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, that failed to be ratified.

His brother William was already establishing himself as a playwright and sometimes worked in collaboration with Cecil.

Isma ' il also sought to modernize the city, which was merging with neighboring settlements, by establishing a public works ministry, bringing gas and lighting to the city, and opening a theater and opera house.

These rates depend on the concentration and therefore change with time of the reaction: the reverse rate gradually increases and becomes equal to the rate of the forward reaction, establishing the so-called chemical equilibrium.

This biological containment strategy is therefore suitable for establishing the coexistence of conventional and organic agriculture.

After establishing this distinction, Ayer claims that " no proposition, other than a tautology, can possibly be anything more than a probable hypothesis " ( Ayer 1946: 51 ), and therefore can only be subject to weak verification.

As such, their distortion ( editorial bias ) of news reportage — i. e. what types of news, which items, and how they are reported — is a consequence of the profit motive that requires establishing a stable, profitable business ; therefore, news businesses favoring profit over the public interest succeed, while those favoring reportorial accuracy over profits fail, and are relegated to the margins of their markets ( low sales and ratings ).

* 2004 – In Rome, European heads of state sign the Treaty and Final Act establishing the first European Constitution which, however, failed to be ratified by all signatory countries and therefore never entered into force.

The Governors and London therefore set in motion a gradual process of establishing a Westminster system in the colonies, not so fast as to get ahead of population or economic growth, nor so slow as to provoke clamouring for revolutionary change as happened in America.

Cyprus was therefore handed over to the French dynasty of the house of Lusignan, thus establishing the medieval Kingdom of Cyprus.

While in prison, he concluded that Italy could — and therefore should — be unified and formulated his program for establishing a free, independent, and republican nation with Rome as its capital.

From a functional point of view, therefore, non-Orthodox rabbis are valid leaders of Jewish religious communities, and it is both fatuous and self-defeating not to acknowledge this openly and draw the necessary consequences -- for example, establishing friendly and harmonious and respectful relationships and working together, all of us, towards those Jewish communal and global goals that we share and that unite us inextricably and indissolubly ....

In Ireland, a Catholic priest Theobald Mathew persuaded thousands of people to sign the pledge, therefore, establishing the Teetotal Abstinence Society in 1838.

The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be un-original, hence establishing a " critical text ", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original.

They therefore legitimized and limited the amount of fur trading by establishing a system that used permits ( congés ).

Roger Wilmut, whose 1978 biography of Tony Hancock as a performer, credits two British radio comedy shows, already running in 1954, with establishing an uninterrupted 30-minute sitcom format: A Life of Bliss, written by Godfrey Harrison and starring George Cole, and Life with the Lyons, a programme heavily based on the US tradition of sitcoms ; he therefore dismisses the notion that Galton and Simpson invented the genre.

The Legislature therefore could end taxpayer funding for denominational schools and instead establishing a system of taxpayer funded non-sectarian schools, without being in breach of s. 22 ( 1 ).

" A master narrative is therefore a particular type of narrative, which is defined as a " coherent system of interrelated and sequentially organized stories that share a common rhetorical desire to resolve a conflict by establishing audience expectations according to the known trajectories of its literary and rhetorical form.

Similar work was previously performed around 1885 by Prof. Adolf Martens ( 1850 – 1914 ) at the same Institute and in the mid 1870s by Dr. Robert H. Thurston at the Stevens Institute of Technology in the U. S. Prof. Dr. Thurston was therefore close to establishing the “ Stribeck curve ”, but he presented no “ Stribeck ”- like graphs, as he evidently did not fully believe in the relevance of this dependency.

Crossruffing is therefore just one possible strategy for taking extra tricks, others are establishing the trump suit, traditional ruffing and finessing.

He was a major figure in pioneering art attribution and therefore establishing the market for paintings by the " Old Masters ".

As well as establishing a common brand for the public transport network, the Metlink initiative was intended to better integrate information about train, tram and bus transport in Melbourne, and therefore provide passengers with better information about connecting services.

Determining Yamashita ’ s intent was therefore paramount in establishing responsibility for the sook ching.

Accurate methods of establishing humic acid concentrations are therefore essential in maintaining water supplies, especially from upland peaty catchments in temperate climates.

Circumstantial evidence, therefore, is founded on experience and observed facts and coincidences, establishing a connection between the

Because it has three sets of chromosomes ( a triploid ) and is therefore sterile, reproduction occurs only vegetatively: when a branch falls, that branch grows new roots, establishing a new plant that is genetically identical to its parent.

: As regards the 1988 Convention, written with the main objective of strengthening all aspects of prohibition ( also at the level of consumption, establishing the reversal of the burden of proof for persons suspected of carrying forbidden substances ), it was deemed not amendable, therefore, the only possible way to go about it would be its denunciation by a substantial number of contracting Parties.