Burly leathered men and wrinkled women in drab black rags carried on in a primitive way, almost unchanged from feudal times.

In times of division, chaos, and endless wars between feudal states, he wanted to restore the Mandate of Heaven () that could unify the " world " (, " all under Heaven ") and bestow peace and prosperity on the people.

*( Feudal ) aids, a type of tax or due that was paid by a vassal to his lord during feudal times.

They were, in fact, a survival of an ancient and venerable German institution ; and if, during a certain period, they exercised something like a reign of terror over a great part of Germany, the cause of this lay in the sickness of the times, which called for some powerful organization to combat the growing feudal anarchy.

During the feudal and colonial times in India hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas, nawabs, as well as British officers maintained a whole corps of shikaris, who were native professional hunters.

Like many weapons from feudal times, maces have been used in heraldic military blazons as either a charge on the shield or as external ornamentation.

The same might have held true of feudal institutions like serfdom, which may have persisted in Macedon well into historical times.

The result was the initial construction of what later became the Great Wall of China, which was built by joining and strengthening the walls made by the feudal lords, which would be expanded and rebuilt multiple times by later dynasties, also in response to threats from the north.

The modern peerage system is a continuation and renaming of the baronage which existed in feudal times.

The ranks of baron and earl date to feudal, and perhaps Anglo-Saxon, times.

The asterisk is derived from the need of the printers of family trees in feudal times for a symbol to indicate date of birth.

This enables him to travel, building secular relationships and at times challenging powers within the strong feudal hierarchy.

Writs of summons became the normal method in medieval times, displacing the method of feudal barony, but creation of baronies by letters patent is the sole method adopted in modern times.

Originally having been an ancient fort during Roman times, the first feudal lords began to inhabit the castle around 1000 AD.

Carolingian rule brought relative peace, but feudal times in the 12th century brought local troubles, which lasted until the days of St. Louis.

This etymology is perfectly parallel, though unrelated, to that of equivalent Germanic titles and terms like the Old English heretoga and the German Herzog, which in feudal times was equated with the Latin dux ( originally a term for either a barbaric war leader or a Roman commanding officer and / or military governor, which later evolved into such feudal and modern titles of peerage rank as duke ).

Peter had many qualities of those later monarchs educated in the centralization style, building a strong Royal administrative force ahead of his times, what was his ultimate failure, and to count or check all the feudal powers that rallied around to an alternative possibility, however illegitimate and opposite to the principles of aristocracy they represented themselves.

In the long feudal perod governed by the samurai class, some methods that were used to train warriors were developed into well-ordered martial arts, in modern times referred to collectively as koryū.

While associated to the clientelist and nearly feudal style of government of many provincial governors and the corruption of the PJ, Kirchner was comparatively unknown to the national public, and he showed himself as a newcomer who had arrived at the Casa Rosada without the usual whiff of scandal about him, trying not to make a point of the fact that he himself had seven times been on the same electoral ballot with Menem.

Fee tail was formerly used during feudal times by landed nobility in order to create family settlements and to make certain that the land stayed " in the family ".

* In feudal times, at many courts one or more of the major dignitaries were styled marshal or a compound such as court marshal ( not related to court martial ) or grand marshal ; their functions varied, also in time, but frequently included formally announcing guests at audiences, balls, dinners, etc.

The modern city was founded on December 1, 1940, although its history extends to feudal times.

, meaning " Way of The Sword ", is a modern Japanese martial art of sword-fighting based on traditional swordsmanship ( kenjutsu ) which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan.

This can be evidenced by the revelation that, in feudal Japan, it was almost mandatory to show martial awareness by keeping a daishō ( matched pair of large and small swords ) in the tokonoma ( living room alcove ), but Uchinanchu always had a sanshin ( a sort of Asian guitar or lute ) in their tokonoma.

is a general term describing the traditional Japanese martial arts of throwing shuriken, which are small, hand-held weapons used primarily by the shinobi in feudal Japan, such as metal spikes bō shuriken, circular plates of metal known as hira shuriken, and knives ( tantō ).

Shurikenjutsu was usually taught among the sogo-bugei, or comprehensive martial arts systems of Japan, mostly in ninjutsu, as a supplemental art to those more commonly practiced such as kenjutsu, sojutsu, bōjutsu and kumi-uchi ( battlefield grappling ) or jujutsu, and is much less prevalent today than it was in the feudal era.

Burroughs ' " Barsoom " ( Mars ) manifested a chaotic melange of cultural and technological styles, combining futuristic devices such as " radium pistols " and flying machines suspended by a mysterious levitating ray, with anachronistic Martian cavalry charges, a feudal system with emperors and princesses, much sword-fighting, and a credibility-stretching martial code that justifies it.

This was problematic, as the patroon system of land holding, based on the feudal system and civil law, continued to operate in the colony until it was abolished in the mid-19th century.

The reaction to Napoleon's conquests of German countries during the era of the French Revolution ( 1790s to 1815 ), produced important institutional reforms, including the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

Reforms included the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges.

A legal system, in which Roman law was mixed with elements of canon law and of Germanic custom, especially feudal law, had emerged.

It is worth noting, however, that transferring property to another for the " use " of another developed largely in response to the requirements of feudal inheritance law.

In early November 1292, at a great feudal court held in the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed, judgement was given in favour of John Balliol having the strongest claim in law.

Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law.

The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws.

England, for once, was largely united in this ambition, although some of Edward's greatest magnates and former enemies, headed by his cousin, Thomas of Lancaster, did not attend in person, sending the minimum number of troops they were required to by feudal law.

The original, but now less common use of the word, originated in the application of the Latin word princeps, from Roman, more precisely Byzantine law, and the classical system of government that was the European feudal society.

Baronies and other titles of nobility became unconditionally hereditable on the abolition of feudal tenure by the Tenures Abolition Act of 1660 and non-hereditable titles began to be created in 1876 for law lords, and in 1958 for life peers.

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, aspects of bushidō became formalized into Japanese feudal law.

In 1794 he became Privatdozent, lecturing on Canon law, in 1798 extraordinary professor, and 1802 ordinary professor of feudal law.

For nearly 1500 years of feudal China, the Nine exterminations ( 誅九族 ) is considered one of the most severe punishments found in traditional Chinese law enforced until the end of Qing.

In the stories, Brother Cadfael regularly disobeys the heads of his abbey, acts to bring about his own sense of compassionate justice ( as against church or feudal law ), and does not condemn relationships outside wedlock.

The one which succeeded established the sacred rights of property ( abolition of feudal tenures, no arbitrary taxation ), gave political power to the propertied ( sovereignty of Parliament and common law, abolition of prerogative courts ), and removed all impediments to the triumph of the ideology of the men of property-the protestant ethic.

Some of this expenditure was supported by the demesne manor attached to the castle, which comprised of land and 5, 000 days of serf labour under feudal law.

The law of Primogeniture in Europe has its origins in Medieval Europe ; which due to the feudal system necessitated that the estates of land-owning feudal lords be kept as large and united as possible to maintain social stability as well as the wealth, power and social standing of their families.

His Commentary on the Libri Feudorum, a twelfth century compilation of feudal law provisions, is considered to be one of the best of his works.