The efficiency of fiber optics plates depends on four factors: ( A )

Researchers at Ben Gurion University in Israel are developing a different device called the BioPen, essentially a " Lab-in-a-Pen ", which can detect known biological agents in under 20 minutes using an adaptation of the ELISA, a similar widely employed immunological technique, that in this case incorporates fiber optics.

very efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network and fiber optics lines that cover many of the main cities

The role of satellites in point-to-point voice and data communications has largely been supplanted by fiber optics ; in 2006, 99 % of the world's long-distance voice and data traffic was carried over optical-fiber.

This process results in an unusually mechanically simple laser optical amplifier for signals transmitted by fiber optics.

Sometimes it is referred to as " fly-by-light " due to its use of fiber optics.

* modern networks reach all areas ; microwave radio relay carries most traffic ; 35. 000 kilometers of fiber optics and extensive open-wire network ; submarine cables to off-shore islands

Some glasses that do not include silica as a major constituent may have physico-chemical properties useful for their application in fiber optics and other specialized technical applications.

Nonetheless, some argue against this stance because straighter hair ends tend to point downward while fiber optics requires that light be transmitted at a high angle to the normal of the inner reflective surface.

Technological changes mitigated much of this expected demand as fiber optics replaced copper wire networks and various plastics replaced the once ubiquitous copper pipes throughout the construction industry.

With the advent of Ethernet over fiber optics, MPLS, VPN and dedicated broadband services such as cable modem and DSL, the end may loom for the Frame Relay protocol and encapsulation.

* Cladding ( fiber optics )

In fiber optics, a cladding mode is a mode that is confined to the cladding of an optical fiber by virtue of the fact that the cladding has a higher refractive index than the surrounding medium, which is either air or the primary polymer overcoat.

In fiber optics, it is more common to consider the cutoff wavelength, the maximum wavelength that will propagate in an optical fiber or waveguide.

Fiber Optic technologies exist today that allow the conversion of copper based ISDN, ADSL and DSL over fiber optics.

* Universal High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line ( UHDSL ) using fiber optics.

In fiber optics communications, a soft gel resembling " hair gel " in viscosity is used to fill the plastic tubes containing the fibers.

In fiber optics, a graded-index or gradient-index fiber is an optical fiber whose core has a refractive index that decreases with increasing radial distance from the fiber axis ( the imaginary central axis running down the length of the fiber ).

In optics and fiber optics, an index-matching material is a substance, usually a liquid, cement ( adhesive ), or gel, which has an index of refraction that closely approximates that of an optical element or fiber, and is used to reduce Fresnel reflection at the surface of the element.

In 1976, T. P. Pearsall created the first high-brightness, high-efficiency LEDs for optical fiber telecommunications by inventing new semiconductor materials specifically adapted to optical fiber transmission wavelengths.

In telecommunications, a cutback technique is a destructive technique for determining certain optical fiber transmission characteristics, such as attenuation and bandwidth.

In telecommunications, insertion loss is the loss of signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibels ( dB ).

In fiber optic telecommunications, the launch angle has the following meanings:

In telecommunications, launch numerical aperture ( LNA ) is the numerical aperture of an optical system used to couple ( launch ) power into an optical fiber.

In telecommunications, a mode scrambler or mode mixer is a device for inducing mode coupling in an optical fiber, or a device that, itself, exhibits a uniform output intensity profile independent of the input mode volume or modal excitation condition.

In telecommunications and fiber optics, ovality or noncircularity is the degree of deviation from perfect circularity of the cross section of the core or cladding of the fiber.

In telecommunications, overfill is the condition that prevails when the numerical aperture or the beam diameter of an optical source, such as a laser, light-emitting diode, or optical fiber, exceeds that of the driven element, e. g. an optical fiber core.

In telecommunications and fiber optics, a plastic-clad silica fiber or polymer-clad silica fiber ( PCS ) is an optical fiber that has a silica-based core and a plastic cladding.

In telecommunications, return loss is the loss of signal power resulting from the reflection caused at a discontinuity in a transmission line or optical fiber.

This would reduce the need for field splicing, which could greatly reduce the amount of hours necessary for placing an optical fiber cable in a telecommunications network.

In fiber optics, and especially in telecommunications, a star coupler is a passive optical device, used in network applications.

The development of low-loss single-mode optical fiber in the early 1970s for the telecommunications industry enabled the development of Sagnac effect fiber optic gyros.

WDM systems are popular with telecommunications companies because they allow them to expand the capacity of the network without laying more fiber.

LUS is currently installing infrastructure for a fiber telecommunications network.

Economically important applications for semiconductor photonic devices include optical data recording, fiber optic telecommunications, laser printing ( based on xerography ), displays, and optical pumping of high-power lasers.

Without the use of an index-matching material, Fresnel reflections will occur at the smooth end faces of a fiber.

The crystallographic structure and mechanical properties of the fiber depend on the type of starting material, and on the subsequent processing.

For instance, nanotubes form only a tiny portion of the material ( s ) in ( primarily carbon fiber ) baseball bats, golf clubs, or car parts.

Construction of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell | PEMFC: Bipolar plate as electrode with in-milled gas channel structure, fabricated from conductive composite material | composite s ( enhanced with graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, and / or carbon nanotube s for more conductivity ); Porous carbon papers ; reactive layer, usually on the polymer membrane applied ; polymer membrane. Condensation of water produced by a PEMFC on the air channel wall.

Other types of material used to make guitar necks are graphite ( Steinberger guitars ), aluminum ( Kramer Guitars, Travis Bean and Veleno guitars ), or carbon fiber ( Modulus Guitars and ThreeGuitars ).

The Trevita, which translates into " three whites " in Swedish, has a body made entirely out of Koenigsegg's proprietary material consisting of diamond-coated carbon fiber.

Bonded leather upholstery is a vinyl upholstery that contains about 17 % leather fiber in its backing material.

The macronutrients ( excluding fiber and water ) provide structural material ( amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built ) and energy.

A third class of dietary material, fiber ( i. e., non-digestible material such as cellulose ), is also required, for both mechanical and biochemical reasons, although the exact reasons remain unclear.

Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material ( myelin ), it carries its signal faster ( 5 – 30 m / s ) than the unmyelinated C fiber ( 0. 5 – 2 m / s ).

Classic oars were made out of wood, but modern oars are made from more expensive and durable synthetic material, the most common being carbon fiber.

It forms the raw material of many important manufacturers, such as the wire netting industry, engineered springs, wire-cloth making and wire rope spinning, in which it occupies a place analogous to a textile fiber.

Clothing is fiber and textile material worn on the body.

Flax fiber is also a raw material for the high-quality paper industry for the use of printed banknotes and rolling paper for cigarettes and tea bags.

In an optical fiber, material scattering is caused by micro-inhomogeneities in the refractive indices of the materials used to fabricate the fiber, including the dopants used to modify the refractive index profile.

Away from telecom, an optical switch is the unit that actually switches light between fibers, and a photonic switch is one that does this by exploiting nonlinear material properties to steer light ( i. e., to switch wavelengths or signals within a given fiber ).

In a single-mode optical fiber, the zero-dispersion wavelength is the wavelength or wavelengths at which material dispersion and waveguide dispersion cancel one another.