A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory is that the former is devoted to analyzing the amount of resources needed by a particular algorithm to solve a problem, whereas the latter asks a more general question about all possible algorithms that could be used to solve the same problem.

More recently, driven by advances in experimental technique ( such as neutron diffraction ) and available computational power, the latter of which has enabled extremely accurate atomic-scale simulations of the behaviour of crystals, the science has branched out to consider more general problems in the fields of inorganic chemistry and solid-state physics.

Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.

* Numerical relativity, a subfield of computational physics that aims to establish numerical solutions to Einstein's field equations in general relativity

In addition to the general computational models, some simpler computational models are useful for special, restricted applications.

Many research projects are staffed and supported by multiple divisions, with computational and engineering integrated across the biosciences, general sciences, and energy sciences.

In general, strong-password authentication protocols have the advantages over the weak-password authentication schemes in that their computational overhead are lighter, designs are simpler, and implementation are easier, and therefore are especially suitable for some constrained environments.

However, in general Wolfram's idea is that novel ideas and mechanisms can be discovered in the computational universe — where they can be witnessed in their clearest forms — and then other fields can pick and choose among these discoveries for those they find relevant.

An important point is that a data structure will return a model of the most general concept that can be implemented efficiently — computational complexity requirements are explicitly part of the concept definition.

The computational complexity of commonly used algorithms is O ( n < sup > 3 </ sup >) in general.

Backtracking is a general algorithm for finding all ( or some ) solutions to some computational problem, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons each partial candidate c (" backtracks ") as soon as it determines that c cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.

Therefore, much of the theory about the clique problem is devoted to identifying special types of graph that admit more efficient algorithms, or to establishing the computational difficulty of the general problem in various models of computation.

Connectionist work in general need not be biologically realistic, but some neural network researchers, computational neuroscientists, try to model the biological aspects of natural neural systems very closely in so-called " neuromorphic networks ".

Part of the appeal of computational descriptions is that they are relatively easy to interpret, and thus may be seen as contributing to our understanding of particular mental processes, whereas connectionist models are in general more opaque, to the extent that they may be describable only in very general terms ( such as specifying the learning algorithm, the number of units, etc.

The choice of syntax is affected by both linguistic and computational concerns ; for instance some parsing systems use lexical functional grammar, but in general, parsing for grammars of this type is known to be NP-complete.

This is because relying on computational equality means that the equality depends on computations that could be Turing complete in general and thus the equality itself is undecidable due to the halting problem.

In addition to the general computational models, some simpler computational models are useful for special, restricted applications.

Unfortunately it is now believed to be an intractable computational problem to find a Brouwer fixed point or equivalently a Sperner coloring even in the plane, in the general case.

* includes bionet. announce ( general biology announcements ), and research communities of bionet. microbiology, bionet. molbio. methds-reagnts, bionet. neuroscience, bionet. genome. arabidopsis, bionet. plants. education, bionet. drosophila, bionet. biology. computational plus 50 other active areas of discussion.

Upon its foundation, it was intended to provide a computing service for general use, and to be a centre for the development of computational techniques in the University.

Founded on 14 May 1937 to provide a computing service for general use, and to be a centre for the development of computational techniques in the University as the Mathematical Laboratory ( under the leadership of John Lennard-Jones ), it was not until 2001 that the provision of computing services across the University and Colleges was fully separated from computing research and teaching.

Even beginning students in linguistics are made familiar with an appreciable variety of consonant systems, both in their general outlines and in many specific details.

Kroeber and Sapir's focus on Native American languages helped establish linguistics as a truly general science and free it from its historical focus on Indo-European languages.

While the Ural – Altaic hypothesis can still be found in encyclopedias, atlases, and similar general references, it has not had any adherents in the linguistics community for decades.

Though respected for their contributions to various academic disciplines ( respectively mathematics, linguistics, and literature ), the three men became known to the general public only by making often-controversial and disputed pronouncements on politics and public policy that would not be regarded as noteworthy if offered by a medical doctor or skilled tradesman.

Saussure explicitly suggested that linguistics was only a branch of a more general semiology, of a science of signs in general, being human codes only one among others.

Derrida will prefer to follow the more " fruitful paths ( formalization )" of a general semiotics without falling in what he considered " a hierarchizing teleology " privileging linguistics, and speak of ' mark ' rather than of language, not as something restricted to mankind, but as prelinguistic, as the pure possibility of language, working every where there is a relation to something else.

Although noted for his work on American linguistics, Sapir wrote prolifically in linguistics in general.

It is argued that Bloomfield's Indo-European work had two broad implications: " He stated clearly the theoretical bases for Indo-European linguistics ..."; and "... he established the study of Indo-European languages firmly within general linguistics ...."

( Within linguistics, " prosody " is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetical metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, which vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.

But Halliday ’ s conception of grammar – or ‘ lexicogrammar ’ ( a term he coined to argue that lexis and grammar are part of the same phenomenon ) – is based on a more general theory of language as a social semiotic resource, or a ‘ meaning potential ’ ( see systemic functional linguistics ).

Troubetzkoy's chief contributions to linguistics lie in the domain of phonology, in particular in analyses of the phonological systems of individual languages and in the search for general and universal phonological laws.

Word grammar is an example of cognitive linguistics, which models language as part of general knowledge and not as a specialised mental faculty.

As structuralist linguistics gave way to a post-structuralist philosophy of language which denied the scientific ambitions of the general theory of signs, semiotic literary criticism became more playful and less systematic in its ambitions.

Derrida will prefer to follow the more " fruitful paths ( formalization )" of a general semiotics without falling in what he considered " a hierarchizing teleology " privileging linguistics, and speak of ' mark ' rather than of language, not as something restricted to mankind, but as prelinguistic, as the pure possibility of language, working every where there is a relation to something else.

These, he claimed, had transformed 17th and 18th century studies of " general grammar " into modern " linguistics ", " natural history " into modern " biology ", and " analysis of wealth " into modern " economics "; though not, claimed Foucault, without loss of meaning.

Many professionals in this discipline attempt to find general rules that apply to all natural languages in the context of historical linguistics, how characteristics of sentence structure in related languages changed over time.

The range of scholarly interest in creativity includes a multitude of definitions and approaches involving several disciplines ; psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy ( particularly philosophy of science ), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, and economics, taking in the relationship between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes associated with creativity, the relationships between personality type and creative ability and between creativity and mental health, the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology, and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of learning and teaching processes.

A general subgrouping based on the application of the comparative method of historical linguistics presently results in the following simplified classification dating in its broad outlines from the 1960s:

Language technology is closely connected to computer science and general linguistics.

The term is nevertheless employed here because that is what the underlying constructions are commonly called in linguistics and language pedagogy in general.