It is also a recognised source for medicine, art, mineralogy, zoology, botany, geology and many other topics not discussed by other classical authors.

This definition is also used in geology and mineralogy.

In addition to botany, he was interested in geology and mineralogy, but also loved music, and was a member of the Mozarteum Salzburg.

In 1842 he was appointed professor of mineralogy in the university of Dorpat ( Tartu ), and henceforth gave attention to the geology and mineralogy of the Russian Empire.

His book represents the earliest known writing about the magnetic compass, movable type printing, experimentation with the camera obscura only decades after Ibn al-Haytham, and includes many different fields of study in essay and encyclopedic form, including geology, astronomy, botany, zoology, mineralogy, anatomy, pharmacology, geography, optics, economics, military strategy, philosophy, etc.

Although mining and precious stones have been human interests throughout the history of civilization, the development of the related sciences of economic geology and mineralogy did not occur until the 18th century.

Polymath figures such as the statesmen Shen Kuo and Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) embodied advancements in all fields of study, including biology, botany, zoology, geology, mineralogy, mechanics, horology, astronomy, pharmaceutical medicine, archeology, mathematics, cartography, optics, art criticism, and more.

In geology, mineralogy and materials science, a scanning electron microscope with specialized optical detectors, or an optical cathodoluminescence microscope, is used to examine internal structures of semiconductors, rocks, ceramics, glass, etc.

The anatomical and pathological laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology and mineralogy have been restored.

Posidonius wrote on physics ( including meteorology and physical geography ), astronomy, astrology and divination, seismology, geology and mineralogy, hydrology, botany, ethics, logic, mathematics, history, natural history, anthropology, and tactics.

It was named for Elisha Mitchell, professor of mathematics, chemistry, geology, and mineralogy at the University of North Carolina from 1818 until his death in 1857.

From both of these early texts was to emerge the science of mineralogy, and ultimately geology.

There are four main types of iron ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits.

During these, however, he collected by degrees, in conjunction with his brother Guillaume Antoine Deluc, a splendid museum of mineralogy and of natural history in general, which was afterwards increased by his nephew Jean-André Deluc, Jr. ( 1763 – 1847 ), who was also a writer on geology.

Abraham Gottlob Werner was the inspector of mines and professor of mining and mineralogy at the Mining Academy in Freiberg ( Saxony ) which became dominant in late eighteenth-century geology.

The Beagle 2 lander objectives were to characterize the landing site geology, mineralogy, geochemistry and oxidation state, the physical properties of the atmosphere and surface layers, collect data on Martian meteorology and climatology, and search for possible signatures of life.

The techniques employed by other earth science disciplines ( such as geochemistry, mineralogy, geophysics, petrology and structural geology ) might all be used to understand, describe, and exploit an ore deposit.

He then entered the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki in 1849 where he studied mathematics, geology, and applied himself especially to chemistry and mineralogy.

He was also ( from 1897 until 1928 ) keeper of paleontology, geology and mineralogy at Teylers Museum, where he also kept the H. erectus remains.

In 2001, the natural sciences were re-divided into five categories: mathematics, mechanics and applications ; astronomy, geodesy, geophysics and applications ; physics, chemistry and applications ; geology, paleontology, mineralogy and applications ; and biological sciences and applications.

There he added mineralogy and geology to the curriculum, and did original research in geology, chemistry and physics.

After graduating from Yale College in 1860 he traveled the world studying anatomy, mineralogy and geology.

Although the term aeon may be used in reference to a period of a billion years ( especially in geology, cosmology or astronomy ), its more common usage is for any long, indefinite, period.

The term " trap ", used in geology for such rock formations, is derived from the Swedish word for stairs and refers to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region.

The word " felsic " is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.

The word geology was first used by Ulisse Aldrovandi in 1603, then by Jean-André Deluc in 1778 and introduced as a fixed term by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in 1779.

Following his Senate term, Schmitt has been a consultant in business, geology, space, and public policy.

The term " micron " is still extensively used in most English-speaking countries both in academic science ( including geology, biology, physics, and astronomy ) and in applied science and industry ( including machining, the semiconductor industry, and plastics manufacturing ).

The term " Permian " was introduced into geology in 1841 by Sir R. I. Murchison, president of the Geological Society of London, who identified typical strata in extensive Russian explorations undertaken with Edouard de Verneuil.

In geology and astronomy, the term silicate is used to denote types of rock that consist predominantly of silicate minerals.

Earth science ( also known as geoscience ), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth, including geology, geophysics, hydrology, meteorology, physical geography, oceanography, and soil science.

The term marl is widely used in English-language geology, while the terms Mergel and Seekreide ( German for " lake chalk ") are used in European references.

The term " law " has diverse usage in many cases: approximate, accurate, broad or narrow theories, in all natural scientific disciplines ( physics, chemistry, biology, geology, astronomy etc .).

The term diagenesis is extensively used in geology.

Catagenesis is a term used in petroleum geology to describe the cracking process which results in the conversion of organic kerogens into hydrocarbons.

Isostasy ( Greek ísos " equal ", stásis " standstill ") is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates " float " at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density.

* Maturity ( geology ), a geological term describing rock, source rock, and hydrocarbon generation

: For discussion regarding the term strata as used in geology, see stratum.

In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term volcanic rock is applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, geology, geography and architecture.

The term found its way into early geology and lingered in science until late Victorian era.

In petroleum geology the term paleogeographic analysis is used for the detailed study of sedimentary basins, since the ancient geomorphological environments of the Earth's surface are preserved in the stratigraphic record.

In English-language technical literature in geology, the term ' Ma ' is preferred, as this conforms to ISO 31-1 and NIST 811 recommended practices.

More often, the term " mya " ( million years ago ) is used in these contexts in geology.

Liptinite is an umbrella term used in coal geology, referring to the finely-ground and macerated remains found in coal deposits.

The term Allochthon in structural geology is used to describe a large block of rock which has been moved from its original site of formation, usually by low angle thrust faulting.