The CPU activates these audio circuits ( and other hardware components ) by writing to special memory addresses ( memory mapped ports ).

Expansion boards were made by Richmond Sound Design that allow their show control and sound design software to communicate with their custom hardware frames either by ribbon cable or fiber optic cable for long distances, allowing the Amiga to control up to eight million digitally controlled external audio, lighting, automation, relay and voltage control channels spread around a large theme park, for example.

This encoding was native to the SPARCstation 1 hardware, where SunOS exposed the encoding to application programs through the / dev / audio interface.

AVI is sometimes erroneously described as a codec, but AVI is actually a container format, while a codec is a software or hardware tool that encodes or decodes audio or video into or from some audio or video format.

Counter-Strike received a major technology update and refresh on November 1, 2004 with the release of Counter-Strike: Source, which was heavily updated using Valve's Source game engine to take advantage of more modern graphics and audio hardware.

When introduced in the early 1990s, it had a number of unique features, such as “ sync slip ”, synchronized varispeed playback with audio scrubbing, synchronized multi-channel playback, and an object-oriented user interface with a dedicated hardware console.

On the other hand, composers of complex, detailed works to be distributed as produced audio typically use MIDI to control the performance of high-quality digital audio samples and / or external hardware or software synthesizers.

Apple computers included audio hardware that was more advanced than that of their competitors.

Internally, the audio hardware is implemented by four state machines, each having eight different states.

MIT hackers also used the PDP-1 for playing music in four-part harmony, using some special hardware — four flip-flops directly controlled by the processor ( the audio signal was filtered with simple RC filters ).

The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces that use software to generate sound, as opposed to using hardware inside the PC.

Although the 48K Spectrum's audio hardware was not as capable as chips in other popular 8-bit home computers of the era, computer musicians David Whittaker and Tim Follin produced notable multi-channel music for the machine.

While not purely a hardware synth, the DS-XG sound cards based on the Yamaha YMF-7 # 4 family of audio chipsets ( including 724, 744, 754, and 764 ), including the Yamaha WaveForce 192 ( SW192XG ) as well as many from other manufacturers and even some PC motherboards with such an audio chipset, included hardware-assisted software VL physical modelling ( like a VL70m or PLG-VL, and compatible with same ) along with the Yamaha XG, wave audio, and 3D gaming sound capabilities of the chipset.

It featured a complete system of voice emulation, with both male and female voices and " stress " indicator markers, made possible by advanced features of the Amiga hardware audio chipset.

Since WMP 9 Series, 24 bit high-resolution CDs ( HDCDs ) are also supported, if capable audio hardware is present.

The modern systems also frequently utilize positional audio, often with hardware acceleration, and real-time audio post-processing, which can also be tied to the 3D graphics development.

In 1976, another digital audio tape format was developed by Soundstream, using 1 inch ( 25. 4 mm ) wide reel-to-reel tape loaded on an instrumentation recorder manufactured by Honeywell acting as a transport, which in turn was connected to outboard digital audio encoding and decoding hardware of Soundstream's own design.

In the mid 20th century, a " codec " was hardware that coded analog signals into Pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) and decoded them back.

Support for the codec was mandatory for HD DVD and is optional for Blu-ray Disc hardware.

The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec ( coder / decoder ).

The general difference between an endec and a codec ( compressor / decompressor ) is that hardware is usually considered to be an endec, while software is considered to be the codec.

The Xbox 360 supports Dolby Digital software, sampling and playback rate of 16-bit @ 48 kHz ( internal ; with 24-bit hardware D / A converters ), hardware codec streaming, and potential of 256 audio simultaneous channels.

Depending on the implementation, a component could possibly represent a piece of hardware, a software codec, another processor, or a combination thereof.

The final revision ( v3. 74 ) of the GUS Classic featured 256 kB of onboard RAM ( upgradeable to 1024 kB through DIP sockets ), hardware analog mixer, and support for 16-bit recording through a separate daughterboard based on the Crystal Semiconductor CS4231 audio codec.

The Animation codec is a fast and lossless ( if encoded at 100 % quality ) QuickTime video codec created by Apple Computer to enable playback of RGB video in real time without expensive hardware.

Typically the generic SMS hardware is dual cascade of three subsystems: digital processing and control, A / D or D / A conversion ( codec ), and signal conditioning.

While its original version was related to Intel's DVI video stream format, a hardware-only codec for the compression of television-quality video onto compact discs, Indeo was distinguished by being one of the first codecs allowing full-speed video playback without using hardware acceleration.

This interface also has a hardware DNxHD codec.

Historically, bootstrapping also refers to an early technique for computer program development on new hardware.

Door furniture or hardware refers to any of the items that are attached to a door or a drawer to enhance its functionality or appearance.

* In civilian telecommunications, outside plant refers to all of the physical cabling and supporting infrastructure ( such as conduit, cabinets, tower or poles ), and any associated hardware ( such as repeaters ) located between a demarcation point in a switching facility and a demarcation point in another switching center or customer premises.

PLMN mostly refers to the whole system of networking hardware and software which enables wireless communication, irrespective of the service area or service provider ( cf.

8514 usually refers to the display controller hardware ( such as the 8514 / A display adapter.

On some types of proprietary computer hardware, an Access Control List refers to rules that are applied to port numbers or network daemon names that are available on a host or other layer 3, each with a list of hosts and / or networks permitted to use the service.

When referring to computer operating systems, OEM refers to the manufacturer of the hardware that someone else's operating system runs on.

Video Graphics Array ( VGA ) refers specifically to the display hardware first introduced with the IBM PS / 2 line of computers in 1987, but through its widespread adoption has also come to mean either an analog computer display standard, the 15-pin D-subminiature VGA connector or the 640 × 480 resolution itself.

DECnet refers to a specific set of hardware and software networking products which implement the DIGITAL Network Architecture ( DNA ).

In hacker slang, " rain dance " refers to " any ceremonial action taken to correct a hardware problem, with the expectation that nothing will be accomplished.

The term also sometimes refers to the software in a Unix kernel that provides the OSS interface ; it can be thought of as a device driver, or a collection of device drivers for sound controller hardware.

The word " low " refers to the small or nonexistent amount of abstraction between the language and machine language ; because of this, low-level languages are sometimes described as being " close to the hardware.

Microsoft refers to these as the OEM code pages because they were defined by the OEM's who licensed MS-DOS for distribution with their hardware, not by Microsoft or a standard body.

The point of sale often refers to the physical electronic cash register or dedicated POS hardware ( or " terminal ") used for checkout, but the POS is simply the location where the sale is conducted, money changes hands and a receipt is given, which can also occur on a smartphone, tablet, laptop, or mobile POS device when the right hardware and POS software is combined with the mobile device.

Modding refers to the act of modifying hardware, software, or virtually anything else, to perform a function not originally conceived or intended by the designer.

In one form, product activation refers to a method invented by Ric Richardson and patented ( US 5, 490, 216 ) by Uniloc where a software application hashes hardware serial numbers and an ID number specific to the product's license ( a product key ) to generate a unique installation ID.

The Jargon File makes a distinction between deep magic, which refers to ( code based on ) esoteric theoretical knowledge ; black magic, which refers to ( code based on ) techniques that appear to work but which lack a theoretical explanation ; and heavy wizardry, which refers to ( code based on ) obscure or undocumented intricacies of particular hardware or software.

Alternatively in computer science it is known as Distributed Global Address Space ( DGAS ), a concept that refers to a wide class of software and hardware implementations, in which each node of a cluster has access to shared memory in addition to each node's non-shared private memory.

In the IT Industry, implementation refers to post-sales process of guiding a client from purchase to use of the software or hardware that was purchased.

In the market place the term building products often refers to the ready-made particles / sections, made from various materials, that are fitted in architectural hardware and decorative hardware parts of a building.