While the British military historian Sir John Keegan suggested an ideal definition of battle as " something which happens between two armies leading to the moral then physical disintegration of one or the other of them ", the origins and outcomes of battles can rarely be summarized so neatly.

Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by " absolute rotation ", and do not pretend to address the question of " rotation relative to what?

While many scientific experts might agree on a common definition of the term " coast ", the delineation of the extents of a coast differ according to jurisdiction, with many scientific and government authorities in various countries differing for economic and social policy reasons.

* In the 1991 Culture Clash play A Bowl of Beings, in response to Che Guevara's demand for a definition of " Chicano ", an " armchair activist " cries out, " I still don't know !!

For example, jīngjì ( 经济 ／ 經濟, keizai ), which in the original Chinese meant " the workings of the state ", was narrowed to " economy " in Japanese ; this narrowed definition was then re-imported into Chinese.

But using a broader definition, such as Frederick Streng's characterization of religion as " a means of ultimate transformation ", Confucianism could be described as a " sociopolitical doctrine having religious qualities.

" With the latter definition, Confucianism is religious, even if non-theistic, in the sense that it " performs some of the basic psycho-social functions of full-fledged religions ", in the same way that non-theistic ideologies like Communism do.

Despite the ambiguity of Locke's definition of property, which limited property to " as much land as a man tills, plants, improves, cultivates, and can use the product of ", this principle held great appeal to individuals possessed of great wealth.

However, the Russian culture has two distinct terms: Средняя Азия ( Srednjaja Azija or " Middle Asia ", the narrower definition, which includes only those traditionally non-Slavic, Central Asian lands that were incorporated within those borders of historical Russia ) and Центральная Азия ( Central ' naja Azija or " Central Asia ", the wider definition, which includes Central Asian lands that have never been part of historical Russia ).

There is a change in the Non-Chalcedonian definition here, as the Nicene creed clearly uses the terms " of ", rather than " in ".

Aristotle had it that an object's essential attributes form its " essential nature ", and that a definition of the object must include these essential attributes.

By his own admission, Hubbard made what he considered was one of the greatest mistakes of his life when he used the biological definition of engram as a " trace on a cell ", which was not in line with the proper biological definition.

( To be precise: for the definition of the dipole moment one should always consider the " dipole limit ", where e. g. the distance of the generating charges should converge to 0, while simultaneously the charge strength should diverge to infinity in such a way that the product remains a positive constant.

Yet, at the 5th Congress of the Communist International ( July 1924 ), Grigory Zinoviev formally denounced Georg Lukács's heterodox definition of orthodox Marxism as exclusively derived from fidelity to the " Marxist method ", and not to Communist party dogmas ; and denounced the Marxism developments of the German theorist Karl Korsch.

The definition offered by the Oxford English Dictionary incorporates suffering as a necessary condition, with " the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma ", and this approach can be seen as a part of other works, such as Marvin Khol and Paul Kurtz's " a mode or act of inducing or permitting death painlessly as a relief from suffering ".

By definition, equality follow a number of " equivalence relations ", including ( a ) reflexive ( i. e. ), ( b ) symmetric ( i. e. if then ) ( c ) transitive ( i. e. if and then ).

While Eiffel does not allow direct access to the features of a class by a client of the class, it does allow for the definition of an " assigner command ", such as:

*< cite id = refGuin1988 > B Guinot and P K Seidelmann ( 1988 ), " Time scales – Their history, definition and interpretation ", Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.

An often quoted example is Samuel Johnson's definition for oats: " Oats: a grain which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland, supports the people ", to which his Scots friend, Lord Elibank, retorted, " Yes, and where else will you see such horses and such men?

He developed a free software definition and the concept of " copyleft ", designed to ensure software freedom for all.

Very shortly after that work was submitted, by March 1918, Felix Hausdorff expanded the definition of " dimension ", significantly for the evolution of the definition of fractals, to allow for sets to have noninteger dimensions.

In 2001, David Wiley criticized learning object theory in his paper, The Reusability Paradox which is summarized by D ' Arcy Norman as, If a learning object is useful in a particular context, by definition it is not reusable in a different context.

There is even disagreement about the term " ragtime " itself ; experts such as David Jasen and Trebor Tichenor choose to exclude ragtime songs from the definition but include novelty piano and stride piano ( a modern perspective ), while Edward A. Berlin includes ragtime songs and excludes the later styles ( which is closer to how ragtime was viewed originally ).

The latter definition is evident in the title of David Rusk's book Cities Without Suburbs ( ISBN 0-943875-73-0 ), which promotes metropolitan government.

A widely used modern definition of causality was originally given by David Hume.

David Harvey sums up this definition in a very clear and concise way:

These factors have led the psychiatrist Anthony David to note that " there is no acceptable ( rather than accepted ) definition of a delusion.

A more general definition has been provided by the anthropologist David Graeber as ' a collection of social institutions set in opposition to the state and capital: from self-governing communities to radical labor unions to popular militias '.

Nineteenth-century examples include rambles in line with Gore Vidal's definition ( see above ) such as Henry David Thoreau's Walden or George Borrow's Lavengro.

However, Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the slang definition of a " yahoo " ( used by college students in David Filo's native Louisiana in the late 1980s and early 1990s to refer to an unsophisticated, rural Southerner ): " rude, unsophisticated, uncouth.

Disobeying a three-line whip is by definition a newsworthy event, indicating as it does a potential mutiny ; an example was the decision on 10 July 2012 by 91 Conservative MPs to vote against Prime Minister David Cameron on the issue of reform of the House of Lords.

Such elements include the essential idea of narrative structure, with identifiable beginnings, middles and ends, or exposition-development-climax-denouement, with important inciting incidents, normally constructed into coherent plot lines ; a strong focus on temporality that includes retention of the past, attention to present action and protention / future anticipation ; a substantial focus on characters and characterization which is " arguably the most important single component of the novel " ( David Lodge The Art of Fiction 67 ); a given hetergloss of different voices dialogically at play, " the sound of the human voice, or many voices, speaking in a variety of accents, rhythms and registers " ( Lodge The Art of Fiction 97 ; see also the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin for expansion of this idea ); possesses a narrator or narrator-like voice, which by definition " addresses " and " interacts with " reading audiences ( see Reader Response theory ); communicates with a Wayne Booth-esque rhetorical thrust, a dialectic process of interpretation, which is at times beneath the surface, conditioning a plotted narrative, and other at other times much more visible, " arguing " for and against various positions ; relies substantially on now-standard aesthetic figuration, particularly including the use of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony ( see Hayden White, Metahistory for expansion of this idea ); is often enmeshed in intertextuality, with copious connections, references, allusions, similarities, parallels, etc.

" ( The name was chosen for its acronym, T. R. O. L. L., a reference to the early 1990s definition of the word troll, meaning an Internet prank, of which David Mikkelson was a prominent practitioner.

Some counterexamples are: Andrzej Panufnik ( 10 ; if one includes two early lost symphonies, 12 ), Hans Werner Henze ( 10 ; his ninth symphony was actually choral ), Eduard Tubin ( 10, died writing his eleventh symphony ), William Schuman ( 10 ; his first two were withdrawn ), Alun Hoddinott ( 10 ), David Diamond ( 11 ), Joachim Raff ( 11, as well as an early destroyed one ), Edmund Rubbra ( 11 ; his ninth symphony was choral ), Robert Simpson ( 11 ; his planned final 12th symphony was to be choral ), Heitor Villa-Lobos and Darius Milhaud ( 12 each ), Vagn Holmboe ( 13, as well as four additional symphonies for strings alone ), Roy Harris ( 13 ; he was more superstitious about the number 13 than the number 9, and so labelled his 13th as 14th ), Glenn Branca ( 14, although Branca's definition of " symphony " is somewhat untraditional ), Gloria Coates ( 15, although she only recognized and numbered her first six symphonies as " symphonies " after completing her 7th ), Dmitri Shostakovich ( 15 ), Rued Langgaard ( 16 plus an unnumbered choral symphony, Sinfonia Interna ), Henry Cowell ( 17 ), Allan Pettersson ( 17 ), Lev Knipper ( 20 ), Jānis Ivanovs ( 21 ), Mieczysław Weinberg ( 22 ), Nikolai Myaskovsky ( 27 ), Havergal Brian ( 32 ), Alan Hovhaness ( 67 ), Derek Bourgeois ( 72 ), and Leif Segerstam ( 253 ).

Film scholar David Bordwell outlined the academic definition of " art film " in a 1979 article entitled The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice, which contrasts art films against the mainstream films of classical Hollywood cinema.

Since its inception in Star Trek: The Next Generation and development by Peter David, the word Imzadi has come to mean much more than its bare definition.

For example, BMC owns a patent for " GUI interpretation technology for client / server environment " developed by software engineers David T. Sulcer, Lawrence M. Ackner, and Donna S. Lowe-Cleveland which involves complex signals processing ; patent attorneys trying to describe this process wrote: " receiving a message from a remote device, the message comprising either a definition, a state change, a command or some combination thereof ; processing the definition ( if any ) before the state change ( if any ); and processing the state change ( if any ) before processing the command ( if any ).

The formal definition, introduced by David Kazhdan ( 1967 ), gives this a precise, quantitative meaning.

The linguist David Dowty included these qualities in his definition of a Proto-Agent, and proposed that the nominal with the most elements of the Proto-Agent and the fewest elements of the Proto-Patient tends to be treated as the agent in a sentence.

The following definition of a value net can be found in the book “ Value Nets: Breaking the Supply Chain to unlock hidden profits ”, by David Bovet and Joseph Martha, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2000:

Popper's formal definition of verisimilitude was challenged, by Pavel Tichý and David Miller.