Philip II spent much of his youth as a hostage at Thebes, where he studied under the renowned general Epaminondas, whose reforms were the basis for the phalanx.

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy ; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire .... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth son of Henry VI, Philip Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI, and Otto Brunswick, of the Welf family, so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election ...... Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful .... On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire ; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all .... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides ..... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured.

In his youth, ( c. 368 – 365 BCE ) Philip was held as a hostage in Thebes, which was the leading city of Greece during the Theban hegemony.

Many of the tactical innovations that Epaminondas implemented would also be used by Philip of Macedon, who in his youth spent time as a hostage in Thebes and may have learned directly from Epaminondas himself.

" Charles proclaimed Louis ' son Philip III the new king, but because of his youth Charles became the actual leader of the crusade.

In 1177 he became a crusader, in company with a companion of his youth, Count Philip of Flanders.

He seems to have studied music in his youth, and to have gone to Spain in 1543 as chorister in the suite of the Portuguese Infanta Maria, first wife of Philip II.

Although in his youth he contributed to The Spectator ( 1711 ) over the signature Philip Homebred, he seems early to have abandoned all care for literature, and he has been reproached by Lord Campbell and others with his neglect of art and letters.

During his youth, he had been close to Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, they having been comrades in arms on several occasions.

Philip V prevailed for a number of reasons, including her youth, doubts regarding her paternity, and the Estates-General's determination that women should not be allowed to rule France.

In his youth he began to devote his leisure to the study and collection of fossil fishes, with his friend Sir Philip Grey Egerton, and he amassed a fine collection at Florence Court, his home just south-west of Enniskillen.

" The Stiff Arm of the Law " ( which became a regular feature on police misconduct ) featured a parody of a police report in which incriminating sections of a supposed account of an officer's real actions in a gay-bashing incident were crossed out and replaced with far more anodyne language, e. g. in the line " I was at Philip St Station in my homo hunting togs ", the words " homo hunting togs " were crossed out and replaced with the handwritten words " plain clothes ", " this little bastard " with " a youth ", and " I myself punched him several times " was amended to read " I was punched several times ", and so on.

According to Philip Astuto, " He thought that the solution to such plain ignorance was the construction of schools and the education of youth without excluding women " ( Astuto, 93 ).

** 1356-Philip III, son of Philip II, died in his youth, the title returned to his father ;

Philip II spent much of his youth as a hostage at Thebes, where he studied under the renowned general Epaminondas, whose reforms were the basis for a good part of Philip's tactics.

A phony blonde hanging onto a bygone youth and beauty, but irreparably stringy in the neck, she was already working on her second gin and tonic, though it was not yet ten A.M.

Madame Lalaurie gestured with her riding crop toward the 20-year-old youth who was stomping and writhing with the king snake still draped over his bare shoulders.

It was our hope to educate him and to give him his freedom when the right time came, for he was a bright and friendly youth who seemed worthy of our interest.

He must have fallen in with evil companions, for he was a simple youth and quite trusting and inexperienced.

Even two decades ago in Go Down, Moses Faulkner was looking to the more urban future with a glimmer of hope that through its youth and its new way of life the South might be reborn and the curse of slavery erased from its soil.

His next major work, completed in 1892, was a long fantastic epic in prose, entitled Hans Alienus, which Professor Book describes as a monument on the grave of his carefree and indolent youth.

In B. M. Spinley's portrayal of the underprivileged and undereducated youth of London, a salient finding was the inability to postpone gratification, a need to satisfy impulses immediately without the pleasure of anticipation or of savoring the experience.

Several times in my youth I voted the Socialist ticket, but less because I was Socialist than because I was not either a Republican or a Democrat, and I voted for Franklin Roosevelt every time he was a candidate.

He looked at her out of himself, she thought, as he did only for an instant at a time, the look which always surprised her even now when his uncombable hair was yellowing a little and his breath came hard through his nicotine-choked lungs, the look of the gaunt youth she had suddenly found herself staring at in the Tate Gallery on a Thursday once.

He was early exposed to the mechanical world, and in his youth often helped his father, David Brown, master clock and watchmaker, as he plied his trade.

A hypothetical issue of this sort might deal with the establishment of a free public junior college in a community where there already was a good private college which served the middle-class youth adequately but was too expensive for working-class youth.

It may seem strange that a poet should come to full fruition in his seventies, but we have it on Hardy's own authority that `` he was a child till he was sixteen, a youth till he was five-and-twenty, and a young man till he was nearly fifty '' ( Early Life, p. 42 ).

The dead youth was identified as Robert E. Sims, 19, of 1688 Oak Knoll Cir., Aj.

Hospital officials said the injury was severe but the youth was in good condition last night.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach ( cliodynamics ), the basic problem Egypt has is unemployment driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4 % a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who are precisely those people that were seen out in the streets during 2011 Egyptian revolution.

( The most illustrious aristocratic youth to have been educated this way may have been Louis XVI, whose parents had him learn the skill of locksmithing.

JDL members led protests against anti-Semitic teachers in the public school system, provided escorts for elderly Jews and educated Jewish youth in the art of self-defense.

** Mao Zedong advocates that educated youth in urban China be re-educated in the country.

Historian Mobo Gao went as far as to criticise such attitudes, suggesting that “ from the perspectives of the rural residents, the educated youth had a good life.

Initially educated to be a minister, Rogers was displeased with the way television addressed children and made an effort to change this when he began to write for and perform on local Pittsburgh-area shows dedicated to youth.

In 1838 Hirsch published, as a necessary concomitant of the Letters, his Horeb, oder Versuche über Jissroel's Pflichten in der Zerstreuung, which is a text-book on Judaism for educated Jewish youth.

Juana was not just a great beauty in her youth, but one of the most educated women in Europe, fluent in several languages.

His youth was marked by heart problems, which left him in poor health, and as a result he was educated at home by private tutors.

This experience convinced him of the inevitable de-Christianization of French youth educated in public institutions.

The Spanish hoped to win over support of the Miskito elite, for example, by offering them the same sort of presents that the English, and by educating their youth in Guatemala, as so many Miskito had been educated in Jamaica.

They have been credited with guiding the Association toward a more educated position, promoting youth coaching and training just before hostilities in 1939.

Many partially educated, unemployed Tamil youth fell for revolutionary solutions to their problems.

He was educated with the intention of his becoming a surgeon, and walked the Peth Street Hospital for eight months, but misfortune came upon his uncle, and so the youth was obliged to provide for himself.

He was an educated Christian who had lived with Governor Grey as a youth, and tried to stop Tainui fighting.

He was educated locally at Wexford CBS and, in his youth, was a member of the 1st Wexford Scout troop ( Scouting Ireland ( CSI )).

He is known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus and educated Leonhard Euler in his youth.

During 1950s, a number of well educated youth turned to Kashmiri writing, both poetry and prose, and enriched modern Kashmiri writing by leaps and bounds.

Vijay TV's Ippadikku Rose, a Tamil show conducted by postgraduate educated transgender Rose is a very successfully running program that discusses various issues faced by youth in Tamil Nadu, where she also gives her own experiences.

Alba's grandfather, Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, educated him in military science and politics ; and he was engaged with distinction at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, while still a youth.

Individuals are educated from youth to be compassionate, co-operative, and generally conscious of others ' needs.

Due to frail health, he was educated primarily at home and became self-taught as a youth.

• To empower youth through skill training for educated rural youth, cultural and sports activities in rural areas to wean them away from left wing influence and also village factions.