For example, programming language theory studies approaches to description of computations, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming languages and complex systems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.

Herbert Simon's main interests in computer science were in artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, principles of the organization of humans and machines as information processing systems, the use of computers to study ( by modeling ) philosophical problems of the nature of intelligence and of epistemology, and the social implications of computer technology.

" Chunking and phrasing and the design of human-computer dialogues " in Human-Computer interaction: Toward the Year 2000, R. M. Baecker, J. Grudin, W. A. Buxton, and S. Greenberg, Eds.

It also achieved fame in selected areas of information science, notably human-computer interaction, augmented reality, multimedia systems, and diagnostics.

Ubiquitous computing ( ubicomp ) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities.

Contemporary human-computer interaction models, whether command-line, menu-driven, or GUI-based, are inappropriate and inadequate to the ubiquitous case.

Ubiquitous computing touches on a wide range of research topics, including distributed computing, mobile computing, sensor networks, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence.

Usability testing measures the usability, or ease of use, of a specific object or set of objects, whereas general human-computer interaction studies attempt to formulate universal principles.

OXO, a graphical version of tic-tac-toe, was created by A. S. Douglas in 1952 at the University of Cambridge, in order to demonstrate his thesis on human-computer interaction.

* Transparency ( human-computer interaction ), user and engineering design considerations, including

Another abbreviation is HCI, but is more commonly used for human-computer interaction.

Through the establishment of programs and centers that are outside the limitations of departments or colleges, the university has established leadership in fields such as computational finance, information systems management, arts management, product design, behavioral economics, human-computer interaction, entertainment technology, and decision science.

Computer engineers in this area develop improvements in human-computer interaction, including speech recognition and synthesis, medical and scientific imaging, or communications systems.

The book first publicized the acronym TANSTAAFL (" There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch "), and helped popularize the constructed language Loglan, which is used in the story for precise human-computer interaction.

* Wizard of Oz experiment, in human-computer interaction, a type of experimental setup

In human-computer interaction, heuristic evaluation is a usability-testing technique devised by expert usability consultants.

Ivan Sutherland demonstrated with it that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes in addition to showing a novel method of human-computer interaction.

The MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 computer was the successor to the Lincoln TX-0 and was known for its role in advancing both artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction.

The field of information visualization has emerged " from research in human-computer interaction, computer science, graphics, visual design, psychology, and business methods.

His current work focuses on cognitive ethnography, computer-mediated communication, distributed cognition, human-computer interaction, information visualization, multiscale software, and tools for analysis of video data.

The mechanical failures were compounded by the initial failure of plant operators to recognize the situation as a loss-of-coolant accident due to inadequate training and human factors, such as human-computer interaction design oversights relating to ambiguous control room indicators in the power plant's user interface.

In human-computer interaction, cut and paste and copy and paste are related commands that offer a user-interface interaction technique for transferring text, data, files or objects from a source to a destination.

Usability engineering is a field that is concerned generally with human-computer interaction and specifically with making human-computer interfaces that have high usability or user friendliness.

Such technologies are regularly used in sales, diplomacy, politics, religion, military training, public health, and management, and may potentially be used in any area of human-human or human-computer interaction.

PIM shares considerable, potentially synergistic overlap with disciplines such as cognitive science, human-computer interaction, information science, artificial intelligence, database management and information retrieval.

Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia / hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation.

His research interests include interactive design, collaborative environments, cognitive aspects of multimedia design, information architecture, attention management and human-computer interaction.

Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: systems analysis and design, software engineering, hypermedia / hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation.

UC2 extends the " networking position " of NEC and NCW, to include positions on decision devolution ; embracing the ubiquity of available decision makers ; a future of computing in achieving that ubiquity ; the necessary human-computer integration in decision making ; decentralisation of intent and physical dispersion ; social coordination protocols to unify intent, capability and awareness ; and management levels to bound behaviours.

The approach is to enable implicit and symmetrical human-computer communication by granting the software access to a representation of the user's psychological status.

The goal of this system is to address the problems of annotation convergence and human-computer communication.

The study of PIM is also related to the field of human-computer interaction ( HCI ).

In human-computer interaction and computer science, usability studies the elegance and clarity with which the interaction with a computer program or a web site ( web usability ) is designed.

Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas ( such as algorithm and data structure development and design, software engineering, information theory, database theory, computational complexity theory, human-computer interaction, numerical analysis, programming language theory, computer graphics, and computer vision ), their foundation is the theoretical study of computing from which these other fields derive.

ISO 9241 is a multi-part standard from the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) covering ergonomics of human-computer interaction.

Generation and manipulation of sound elements is widely used in a variety of human-computer interfaces, in computer games and video games.

Thad Eugene Starner is a founder and director of the Contextual Computing Group at Georgia Tech's College of Computing, where he is an Associate Professor, and one of the pioneers of wearable computing as well as human-computer interaction, augmented environments, and pattern recognition.

Autocomplete, or " word prediction ", speeds up human-computer interactions in environments to which it is well suited.

Mihai Nadin ( b. February 2, 1938 in Braşov, Romania ) is a scholar and researcher in electrical engineering, computer science, aesthetics, semiotics, human-computer interaction ( HCI ), computational design, post-industrial society, and anticipatory systems.

Larry ( formally Lawrence Gordon ) Tesler ( born April 24, 1945 ) is a computer scientist working in the field of human-computer interaction.

The user illusion is the illusion created for the user by a human-computer interface, for example the visual metaphor of a desktop used in many graphical user interfaces.

Since robotics is a highly interdisciplinary field, roboticists often have backgrounds in a number of disciplines including computer science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, human-computer interaction and interaction design.