The changes in the river hydrology have altered the local heat budget which has caused microclimatic changes such as decreasing rain and higher mean monthly temperatures.

In environmental modeling and especially in hydrology, a " behavioral model " means a model that is acceptably consistent with observed natural processes, i. e., that simulates well, for example, observed river discharge.

The radioactive isotope caesium-137 has a half-life of about 30 years and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology.

Groundwater hydrology, or hydrogeology, is used to locate groundwater, which can often provide a ready supply of uncontaminated water and is especially important in arid regions, and to monitor the spread of contaminants in groundwater wells.

A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of earth or environmental science, physical geography, geology or civil and environmental engineering.

The term hydrology is from Greek: ὕδωρ, hydōr, " water "; and λόγος, logos, " study ".

Chemical hydrology is the study of the chemical characteristics of water.

Hydroinformatics is the adaptation of information technology to hydrology and water resources applications.

Isotope hydrology is the study of the isotopic signatures of water.

Surface hydrology is the study of hydrologic processes that operate at or near Earth's surface.

The central theme of hydrology is that water circulates throughout the Earth through different pathways and at different rates.

In some considerations, hydrology is thought of as starting at the land-atmosphere boundary and so it is important to have adequate knowledge of the both precipitation and evaporation.

Water's power is manifested in hydrology, by the forces of water on the riverbed and banks of a river.

This apparent difference in averaging is explained by the fact that hydrology uses conductivity, which is the inverse of resistivity.

As weather, climate and the water cycle know no national boundaries, international cooperation at a global scale is essential for the development of meteorology and operational hydrology as well as to reap the benefits from their application.

* Mesopotamia is in the Uruk period, with emerging Sumerian hegemony and development of " proto-cuneiform " writing ; base-60 mathematics, astronomy and astrology, civil law, complex hydrology, the sailboat, potter's wheel and wheel ; the Chalcolithic proceeds into the Early Bronze Age.

Earth science ( also known as geoscience ), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth, including geology, geophysics, hydrology, meteorology, physical geography, oceanography, and soil science.

The depth of the TDR ( d ) is a known factor and the other is the time that takes the drop of water to reach the that depth ( t ), therefore the speed of water Infiltration ( hydrology ) ( v ) can be determined.

In hydrology, the exponential distribution is used to analyze extreme values of such variables as monthly and annual maximum values of daily rainfall and river discharge volumes.

Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ecology, soil science, and agriculture ( esp.

The ancient Sinhalese used hydrology to build complex irrigation works in Sri Lanka, also known for invention of the Valve Pit which allowed construction of large reservoirs, anicuts and canals which still function.

For example, EVA might be used in the field of hydrology to estimate the value an unusually large flooding event, such as the 100-year flood.

A tree-ring record can be used to produce information regarding precipitation, temperature, hydrology, and fire corresponding to a particular area.

* Curve number used in hydrology

In meteorology and hydrology, the Bowen ratio is used to describe the type of heat transfer in a water body.

The quantity was named by Harald Sverdrup after Ira Sprague Bowen ( 1898 – 1973 ), an astrophysicist whose theoretical work on evaporation to air from water bodies made first use of it, and it is used most commonly in meteorology and hydrology.

Usage can differ between areas of application: for example, in hydrology, the terms " forecast " and " forecasting " are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times, while the term " prediction " is used for more general estimates, such as the number of times floods will occur over a long period.

In hydrology, therefore, the Gumbel distribution is used to analyze such variables as monthly and annual maximum values of daily rainfall and river discharge volumes, and also to describe droughts.

In particular, stère and kilostère are sometimes used in hydrology, as the kilostere is a slightly larger metric analog of an acre-foot, similar to the relationship of the tonne and ( short ) ton.

They can be used for traffic control, scientific examination, airport observation systems, and hydrology.

** Runoff curve number, an empirical parameter used in hydrology

Typically this equation is used to find the average T and S values near a pumping well, from drawdown ( hydrology ) data collected during an aquifer test.

Principles of soil mechanics are also used in related disciplines such as geophysical engineering, coastal engineering, agricultural engineering, hydrology and soil physics.

LRD has been used in various field such as video traffic modelling, econometrics, hydrology and linguistics Different definitions of LRD are used for different applications: a review is given by Samorodnitsky.

GIS-based network analysis may be used to address a wide range of practical problems such as route selection and facility location ( core topics in the field of operations research, and problems involving flows such as those found in hydrology and transportation research.

Used for the first time in 1951 to localize leaks in a drinking water supply system of Munich, Germany, Iodine-131 became one of the most commonly used gamma-emitting industrial radioactive tracer with applications in isotope hydrology and leak detection.

The current dam was retrofitted to produce hydroelectric power, and is used by various hydrology classes at the adjacent St.

Carbon 14 dating is also used as part of isotope hydrology as all natural water contains dissolved carbon dioxide.

The water content is very important in vadose zone hydrology, where the hydraulic conductivity is a strongly nonlinear function of water content ; this complicates the solution of the unsaturated groundwater flow equation.

A few examples of the fundamental principles of hydraulic engineering include fluid mechanics, fluid flow, behavior of real fluids, hydrology, pipelines, open channel hydraulics, mechanics of sediment transport, physical modeling, hydraulic machines, and drainage hydraulics.

Related branches include hydrology and rheology while related applications include hydraulic modeling, flood mapping, catchment flood management plans, shoreline management plans, estuarine strategies, coastal protection, and flood alleviation.

In subsurface hydrology ( hydrogeology ), a hydrograph is a record of the water level ( the observed hydraulic head in wells screened across an aquifer ).

* Drawdown ( hydrology ), a lowering of a reservoir or a change in hydraulic head in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well.

The earliest human civilizations began near the shores of rivers, and consequently coincided with the dawn of hydrology, hydraulics, and hydraulic engineering.