However, actual rainfall from year to year is irregular and occasionally may be less than, leading to severe reductions in crop yields for both rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.

Instead, the irrigated agriculture project was headed for completion with apparently no prospects for extension beyond 2011.

The population of Akkad, like nearly all pre-modern states, was entirely dependent upon the agricultural systems of the region, which seem to have had two principal centres: the irrigated farmlands of southern Iraq that traditionally had a yield of 30 grains returned for each grain sown and the rain-fed agriculture of northern Iraq, known as " the Upper Country ".

A disastrous attempt to drain the southern marshes and introduce irrigated farming to this region merely destroyed a natural food producing area, while concentration of salts and minerals in the soil due to the draining left the land unsuitable for agriculture.

Investments include the expansion of irrigated agriculture to improve food security, the construction of the Taoussa ( or Tossaye ) dam in Mali and the Kandadji Dam in Niger ( the latter has been under construction since August 2008 ), as well as the rehabilitation of the Kainji dam and Jebba dam in Nigeria.

However, actual rainfall from year to year is irregular and occasionally may be less than 200 millimeters, leading to severe reductions in crop yields for both rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.

Turkmenistan is largely desert country with nomadic cattle raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge gas and oil resources.

Only in the sub-tropical lower Rio Grande Valley is there extensive irrigated agriculture.

The Yakima River provides irrigation for the dry but fertile land in the valley, and irrigated agriculture is the economic base.

In addition to irrigated agriculture, the major economic driving forces include timber harvest and processing, cattle, and outdoor recreation.

The Yakima River and its tributaries have been heavily altered for the purpose of irrigated agriculture.

The main locations in Turkana District for irrigated agriculture are along the Turkwel and Kerio rivers.

However, both the seafood industry and truck farming declined after mid-century, due to overfishing on the one hand, and the opening of California's Central Valley to irrigated agriculture on the other, but the advent of the large-scale poultry industry filled this gap.

Large ranches and cattle grazing are typical of the area although some irrigated agriculture is found downstream from Folsom.

Many farmers in the Texas High Plains, which rely particularly on the underground source, are now turning away from irrigated agriculture as they become aware of the hazards of overpumping.

Relatively little irrigated agriculture occurs in the area, supported by local wells.

The Scheme provides approximately 2, 100 gigalitres of water a year to the Basin, providing additional water for an irrigated agriculture industry worth about $ 3 bn per annum., representing more than 40 % of the gross value of the nation's agricultural production.

They comprised a significant percentage of the agriculture in the region, along with irrigated fields, pasture, terraced fields and qochas ( artificial ponds ) farming.

The reuse of untreated wastewater in irrigated agriculture is common in developing countries.

The reuse of treated wastewater in landscaping, especially on golf courses, irrigated agriculture and for industrial use is becoming increasingly widespread.

The region supports livestock production, rain-fed and gravity irrigated agriculture and fisheries, with an annual rainfall between 150 and 500 millimeters covering an area of approximately 60, 000 square kilometers.

Treated wastewater can be reused as drinking water, in industry ( cooling towers ), in artificial recharge of aquifers, in agriculture ( 70 % of Israel's irrigated agriculture is based on highly purified wastewater ) and in the rehabilitation of natural ecosystems ( Florida's Everglades ).

The various small rivers and streams allowed for irrigated agriculture and at one time, several converged into a shallow lake, which may have been used for chinampas.

Most of the San Pedro municipality is dedicated to agriculture, much of which is irrigated and represents most of the irrigated farmland in the Cholula area.

Some irrigated fields may include other cash crops, such as sugarcane, or groves of coconut trees.

While these " end guns " may dramatically increase the irrigated area they suffer from poor uniformity and may have negative impacts on the entire pivot if not designed properly.

A small aqueduct drains into the Great Courtyard, which may have irrigated a garden at one time.

After late winter or spring lekking activity, sage-grouse may move to higher elevations or down to irrigated valleys for nesting and feeding.

For example, a landowner may have a sharecropper farming an irrigated hayfield.

" A place with a newly irrigated paddy field, especially those during or later than Edo period, may be called Nitta or Shinden ( both ), " new paddy field.

In some cases, the sinus cavity can be irrigated with saline ( antral lavage ) and the tooth fragment may be brought back to the site of the opening through which it entered the sinus, and may be retrievable.

The circles of green irrigated vegetation may comprise a variety of agricultural commodities from alfalfa to wheat.

Families also may have privileged access to certain wells and the right to a part of the harvest from the fields irrigated by their water.

To some degree, these patterns can be linked to the geographical resources themselves, with abundant shoreline, generally calm seas, and steady winds favoring the use of sailing vessels, and fertile valleys and plains — at least in the Greater Sunda Islands — permitting irrigated rice farming.

In Sinazongwe, an irrigated garden has grown a prodigious crop of pawpaws, bananas, oranges, lemons, and vegetables, and shown that the remains of the valley could be made prolific if only money could be found for irrigation.

People who live in an oasis must manage land and water use carefully ; fields must be irrigated to grow plants like dates, figs, olives, and apricots.

There can be significant health hazards related to using water loaded with pathogens in this way, especially if people eat raw vegetables that have been irrigated with the polluted water.

The Enlarged Homestead Act of 1909 gave to farmers who accepted more marginal lands, especially in the Great Plains, which could not be irrigated.

The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects.

Hay, tobacco, and vegetables must be irrigated ; cereals, mainly rye and barley, are dry-cropped.

Farmers diverted water from the Little and Big Thompson Rivers into a network of reservoirs and ditches that allowed the arid uplands to be irrigated.

Local legislation often dictates which varieties are selected, how they are grown, whether vineyards can be irrigated and exactly when grapes can be harvested, all of which in serves to reinforce tradition.

They show a preference for marshes at the margins of lakes and rivers but can also be found at lagoons, flood-plains, wet meadows, swamps, reservoirs, sewage ponds, paddies and irrigated farmland.

It has been estimated that productivity from irrigated perennial horticulture could be increased by two to three times the present level by improving soil structure, because of the resulting access by plants to available soil water and nutrients ( Cockroft & Olsson, 2000, cited in Land and Water Australia 2007 ).

Many irrigated agricultural fields can be seen.

Some current estimates predict the usefulness of the Aquifer for agriculture to subside and be useless as soon as the early parts of the mid-21st century, leading current farmers to turn away from irrigated agriculture using the aquifer.

These nomads were probably in the habit of visiting the Leh valley at a time when it had begun to be irrigated by Dard colonizers.

* Slope ( topography ) of the land being irrigated as this affects how quickly runoff occurs, often expressed as a percentage, i. e. distance of fall divided by 100 units of horizontal distance ( 1 ft of fall per would be 1 %).

The area around Al Diwaniyah, which is well irrigated from the nearby Euphrates river, is often considered to be one on the most fertile parts of Iraq, and is heavily cultivated.

An emitter is also called a dripper and is used to transfer water from a pipe or tube to the area that is to be irrigated.