The government of Vasil Radoslavov aligned the country with Germany and Austria-Hungary, even though this meant also becoming an ally of the Ottomans, Bulgaria's traditional enemy.

In 1914, war broke out in Europe between Britain with allies and Germany, Austria-Hungary and later that year, the Ottoman Empire.

Within two days following the assassination, Austria-Hungary and Germany advised Serbia that they should open an investigation, but Serbian Foreign Minister Gruic, speaking for Serbia replied, " Nothing had been done so far, and the matter did not concern the Serbian Government ," after which " high words " were spoken on both sides.

* France, not feeling ready for a war against Germany in 1912, took a totally negative position against the war, firmly informing its ally Russia that it would not take part in a potential conflict between Russia and Austria-Hungary if it resulted from the actions of the Balkan League.

The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879 as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent / limit war.

When Austria-Hungary and Germany formed an alliance in 1879, it was one of the more surprising alliances of its time.

Though German was spoken in each realm, sharing the same language and culture more often than not pushed Austria-Hungary and Germany apart.

The Three Emperors ' League was discontinued, and Germany and Austria-Hungary were free to ally with one another against Russia.

To enlist diplomatic support, Italy joined Germany and Austria-Hungary to form the Triple Alliance in 1882, which was the first formal war-camp in Europe, the second being the Triple Entente formed in 1907.

In 1915, she joined the Entente powers and declared war on Austria-Hungary, and later Germany in the subsequent year.

The Italian Socialist Party opposed the war on the grounds of internationalism, but a number of Italian revolutionary syndicalists supported intervention against Germany and Austria-Hungary on the grounds that their reactionary regimes needed to be defeated to ensure the success of socialism.

By the beginning of the Civil War, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland had recognized Finnish independence.

On one side were Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria ( the Central Powers / Triple Alliance ), while on the other side stood Serbia and the Triple Entente – the loose coalition of France, Britain and Russia, which were joined by Italy in 1915, Romania in 1916 and by the United States in 1917.

Its allies, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, surrendered ; all three empires were dissolved as the Allies achieved victory in November 1918 and occupied Germany.

In 1879, Bismarck formed a Dual Alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary, with the aim of mutual military assistance in the case of an attack from Russia, which was not satisfied with the agreement reached at the Congress of Berlin.

Berlin's analysis proved mistaken on every point, leading to Germany's increasing isolation and its dependence on the Triple Alliance, which brought together Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Germany was the leader of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and later Bulgaria ; arrayed against them were the Allies, comprised chiefly of Russia, France, Britain, and in 1915 Italy.

In the Act of 5th November 1916, the Kingdom of Poland ( Królestwo Regencyjne ) was recreated by Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary on formerly Russian-controlled territory.

The day before his retirement he signed the offensive-defensive alliance with Germany, which placed the foreign relations of Austria-Hungary once more on a stable footing.

* 1882 – The Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy is formed.

* 1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of November 5th of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.

* 1917 – Battle of Caporetto ; Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat by the forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany on the Austro-Italian front of World War I ( lasts until 19 November-also called Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo ).

* 1917 – World War I: Battle of Caporetto ; Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat at the forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany.

* 1879 – Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the " Twofold Covenant " and create the Dual Alliance.

Ibánez was a German national who pledged allegiance to his mother country of Germany, effectively making Chile a German possession.

By the middle of the 14th century these Freischöffen ( Latin scabini ), sworn associates of the Fehme, were scattered in thousands throughout the length and breadth of Germany, known to each other by secret signs and pass-words, and all of them pledged to serve the summons of the secret courts and to execute their judgment.

The relationship between Britain and the German Empire, at that time the nearest relevant colonial power, was formalized by the 1890 Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, in which Germany pledged not to interfere with British interests in insular Zanzibar.

On June 6, 2004, at the commemorative ceremony of the Normandy invasion in Caen, German chancellor Gerhard Schröder pledged that Germany would not forget the Nazi atrocities and specifically mentioned Oradour-sur-Glane.

To date, more than 9, 000 individuals have pledged to donate their bodies to the Institute for Plastination in Heidelberg, in Germany.

When Austria – Hungary found themselves at war in August 1914 with the rival Triple Entente ( Britain, France, and the latter's ally, Russia ), Italy pledged to support the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and later the Ottoman Empire ( Turkey ).

Stresemann conceived the idea that Germany would guarantee her western borders and pledged never to invade Belgium and France again, along with a guarantee from Britain that they would come to Germany's aid if attacked by France.

By the time Haugwitz returned, the unyielding attitude of Napoleon had caused the king to make advances to Russia ; but the mutual declarations of the 3rd and 25th of May 1804 only pledged the two powers to take up arms in the event of a French attack upon Prussia or of further aggressions in North Germany.

Treaty of Berlin ( German-Soviet Neutrality and Nonaggression Pact of April 1926 )-the treaty of 24 April 1926 under which Germany and the Soviet Union each pledged neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next five years.

Judging others by themselves, the English, who are blinded by their loyalty, have always thought that the Germans did not abide by their pledges inscribed in the Versailles Treaty because they had not frankly agreed to them ... We, on the contrary, believe that if Germany, far from making the slightest effort to carry out the treaty of peace, has always tried to escape her obligations, it is because until now she has not been convinced of her defeat ... We are also certain that Germany, as a nation, resigns herself to keep her pledged word only under the impact of necessity.

Full-scale war in Europe began at dawn on September 1, 1939, when Germany used her newly formed Blitzkrieg tactics and military strength to invade Poland, to which both Britain and France had pledged protection and independence guarantees.

The Anschluss was initially enthusiastically greeted by many Social Democrats, such as the ex-chancellor Karl Renner who pledged to vote “ yes ” in a referendum on the Anschluss (“ Ich stimme mit ‘ Ja ’”) and finally realise the old dream of a union with Germany.

During that period, also, the infamous Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted, then finally leaked and published on March 1, 1917 ; in which telegram Germany pledged to help Mexico win back Texas, New Mexico and Arizona ( which Mexico had lost to the U. S. some 70 years earlier in the Mexican-American War ) if Mexico would join World War I as Germany's ally.

In exchange, Germany handed over to Britain the protectorate over the small sultanate of Wituland ( Deutsch-Witu, on the Kenyan coast ) and parts of East Africa vital for the British to build a railway to Lake Victoria, and pledged not to interfere with British actions vis-à-vis the Sultanate of Zanzibar ( i. e. the islands of Unguja and Pemba ).

... We are also certain that Germany, as a nation, resigns herself to keep her pledged word only under the impact of necessity ".

The Russian provisional government, led by Alexander Kerensky, pledged to continue fighting Imperial Germany on the Eastern Front.

Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Germany has permanently shut down eight of its reactors and pledged to close the rest by 2022.