Classically, beacons were fires lit at well-known locations on hills or high places, used either as lighthouses for navigation at sea, or for signalling over land that enemy troops were approaching, in order to alert defenses.

However, there are still minimum weather conditions that must be present in order for the aircraft to take off and land ; these will vary according to the kind of operation, the type of navigation aids available, the location and height of terrain and obstructions in the vicinity of the airport, equipment on the aircraft, and the qualifications of the crew.

LORAN ( LOng RAnge Navigation ) is a terrestrial radio navigation system which enables ships and aircraft to determine their position and speed from low frequency radio signals transmitted by fixed land based radio beacons, using a receiver unit.

The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation.

Originally a training exercise in land navigation for military officers, orienteering has developed many variations.

When navigation became difficult, Cabot turned back, but only after obtaining some silver objects that the Indians said came from a land far to the west.

In land navigation, azimuth is usually denoted as alpha,, and defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian.

It was used as much for feng shui as for navigation on land.

Common uses for VHF are FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, land mobile stations ( emergency, business, private use and military ), long range data communication with radio modems, amateur radio, marine communications, air traffic control communications and air navigation systems ( e. g. VOR, DME & ILS ).

Visiting boats are not allowed to land, but navigation is allowed.

Celestial navigation is the use of angular measurements ( sights ) between celestial bodies and the visible horizon to locate one's position on the globe, on land as well as at sea.

For small cruising boat crews, celestial navigation is generally considered an essential skill when venturing beyond visual range of land.

As early as the 13th century local landowners paid subscriptions for work to be undertaken with the aim of facilitating navigation and land drainage.

The only objections were from Sir William Russell, who owned Strensham mill, and whose grievance was about land purchase, rather than the navigation works.

Following the land, a contour canal is entirely level and requires no locks or lifts making navigation quick and easy.

Phase two is completely in the field at Camp Pendleton for west coast recruits, with the first two weeks being spent on marksmanship training and qualification with the M16A4 service rifle, and the last week in the field learning skills such as fireteam formations, land navigation, and hikes.

Article III states " It is agreed, that it shall at all times be free to His Majesty's subjects, and to the citizens of the United States, and also to the Indians dwelling on either side of the said boundary line, freely to pass and repass, by land or inland navigation into the respective territories and countries of the two parties on the continent of America, ( the country within the limits of the Hudson Bay company only excepted ) ... and freely carry on trade and commerce with each other.

Such triangulation methods were used for accurate large-scale land surveying until the rise of global navigation satellite systems in the 1980s.

In land navigation, a bearing is the angle between a line connecting two points and a north-south line, or meridian.

In a contemporary land navigation context, true, magnetic, and grid bearings are always measured in this way, with true north, magnetic north, or grid north being 0 ° in a 360-degree system.

Then, when it has acquired strength, it takes up that nest in which are the bones of its parent, and bearing these it passes from the land of Arabia into Egypt, to the city called Heliopolis.

In many states, when setting boundary corners land surveyors are also required to place survey monuments bearing their registration numbers, typically in the form of capped iron rods, concrete monuments, or nails with washers.

Boon settled by a large body of water ( later bearing his name: Lake Boon ), upon a hill ( also bearing his name: Boon Hill ), with a vast tract of land surrounding him.

In August 1949, the nearest local newspaper to Barrett, the Elbow Lake Herald, reported that, some five years earlier, local farmer Victor Setterlund had found on his land, near Barrett Lake, a heart-shaped stone weighing about 75 lbs ( 34 kg ), bearing a runic inscription.

On March 2, 1889 the Current Local printed the following: “ Over in the kingdom of Carter, on the land of the Cape Girardeau and Southwestern Railroad ( Houck Railroad ), at a point eleven miles distant from Williamsville, there is in process of evolution a little town bearing the name of Ellsinore …”

A grant of land on which Monaca now stands was granted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania by patent, bearing the date September 5, 1787, to Colonel Ephraim Blaine ( 1741 – 1804 ), who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, from 1778 to 1782 as commissary-general of the Northern Department, and paternal great-grandfather of James G. Blaine.

Their claims to the land had no legal bearing in the state of Pennsylvania when it was finally legally part of the state.

The Surface of this Township is generally level the dry land is but very little elevated above the Swamps the Soil is poor 3rd rate bearing but little vegetation but is generally covered with a thick heavy moss.

A relative bearing is one in which the reference direction is straight ahead, where the bearing is measured relative to the direction the navigator is facing ( on land ) or in relation to the vessel's bow ( aboard ship ).

In land surveying, a bearing is the clockwise or counterclockwise angle between north or south and a direction.

Fresh water falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled.

On land, as per Department of National Defence protocol, the Queen's standard must be flown from a flagpole bearing as a pike head the crest of the Canadian royal arms.

In either situation Mizraim is bound to have done something of greater importance than his nephew ( and / or son ), in order for the land to end up bearing his name.

Nairs were banned from bearing arms under British rule and eventually lost control of the land with reforms brought in by the Communist Party in Kerala.

Raith House and Raith Tower sit on Cormie Hill to the west of Kirkcaldy and several parts of the town are built on land formerly of the Raith Estate, although the modern housing estate bearing the Raith name dates from long after the origins of the team.

The islands are part of the French portion,, of the international Bouches de Bonifacio (" Strait of Bonifacio ") marine park, a nature reserve, signed into legal existence by France and Italy in 1993 for the protection of the strait against passage of ships bearing dangerous chemicals, and implemented in France by a ministerial decree of 1999 detailing the land to be included in the réserve naturelle de Bouches de Bonifacio for the preservation of wild birds, other fauna and flora, fish and nature in general.

In that year Captain Wing anchored the Deborah in the bay now bearing its name where he was joined by Frederick Tuckett who selected an adjoining block of land ( the Otago Block ) as the site for the Scottish New Edinburgh settlement.

In 1887, Charles James and James Grigg purchased, surveyed and subdivided land into 2, 500 blocks bearing the covenant " no part of the above Land shall be used for the Manufacture or Sale of Malted Spirituous, or Vinous Liquors ".

The first monks bearing Buddhism to Silla came by land from the north, and Haneuljae would have been their most likely route.

The situation is further complicated by uncertainties in correlating the ages of late Triassic beds bearing land animals.

: Who bearing forth the Cross o ’ er land and sea,