A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

It later inspired European sympathy for the Greek struggle for independence and spawned sequels and imitations through the 19th century.

The early translators included Mashallah, who helped to elect the time for the foundation of Baghdad, and Sahl ibn Bishr, ( a. k. a. Zael ), whose texts were directly influential upon later European astrologers such as Guido Bonatti in the 13th century, and William Lilly in the 17th century.

Well known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I ( 1914 – 15 ).

The European / Australian PAL ( Phase Alternation Line rate ) and the French-Former Soviet Union SECAM ( Séquentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire ) standard were developed later and attempt to cure certain defects of the NTSC system.

It is also the first known European record ( in chapter 38 ) that mentions Vinland ( Winland ) island ( insula ), a land centuries later possibly identified as Newfoundland, Canada, North America, as well as dog-headed people in Scandinavia.

In response to criticism over ergonomic issues in the 7800 ’ s Pro-Line controllers, Atari later released joypad controllers with European 7800s, which were similar in style to controllers found on Nintendo and Sega Systems.

In the 1990s, Peter formed One More Time, a group that enjoyed European success with the ABBA-like " Highland " and, later, as Sweden's entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.

Cohabitation with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English ; the later Norman occupation led to the grafting onto that Germanic core of a more elaborate layer of words from the Romance branch of the European languages.

The popularly reported European discovery of the okapi in 1901, earlier hinted at but unseen by Henry Morton Stanley in his travelogue of exploring the Congo, later became the emblem for the now defunct International Society of Cryptozoology.

The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating evolution of modern European civil law traditions.

Although European explorers and traders visited the area since the 18th century, permanent white communities were not established until some time later.

The 1571 built into the European plastic-case C128 D computer is electronically identical to the stand-alone version, but 1571 version integrated into the later metal-case C128 D ( often called C128 DCR, for D Cost Reduced ) differs a lot from the stand-alone 1571.

He called it Formosa (" beautiful ", a name later applied to Taiwan ), but it quickly took on the name of its European discoverer, albeit spelt " Fernando Po ".

Three of them ( later to be known as Liberty, Black Tom and Ellis ) were given the name Oyster Islands by the settlers of New Netherland, the first European colony in the Mid-Atlantic states.

At an extraordinary Congress in Brussels held on 30 April 2004 the day before the enlargement of the European Union, the ELDR Party incorporated itself under Belgian law and later became a European political party.

Lindy Hop was never standardized and later became the inspiration for several other dance forms such as: ( European ) Boogie Woogie, Jive, East Coast Swing, West Coast Swing and Rock and Roll.

ESDAC was later renamed ESOC, the European Space Operations Centre.

Although some European film-makers picked up the trend towards using dialogue titles, they did not pick up on the move towards cutting them into the scene at the point at which they were actually spoken until a few years later.

Some speculate that the dish may have been invented in Spain, the first European country in which the potato appeared via the New World colonies, and assumes the first appearance to have been as an accompaniment to fish dishes in Galicia, from which it spread to the rest of the country and further to the Spanish Netherlands, which became Belgium more than a century later.

In Brussels later that year, a panel of thirty professionals from eighteen European countries named Fellini the world ’ s best director and 8½ the best European film of all time.

The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese fire lance and European hand cannon were loaded with gunpowder and the shot ( initially lead shot, later replaced by cast iron ) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear.

In Jarry's later work Ubu Roi, Père Heb would develop into Ubu, one of the most monstrous and astonishing characters in French literature.

Thus in the classical tradition of later Western art and literature, the mythology of the two figures becomes virtually indistinguishable.

Anaïs Nin (; born Angela Anaïs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell, February 21, 1903 – January 14, 1977 ) was a French-Cuban author, based at first in France and later in the United States, who published her journals, which span more than 60 years, beginning when she was 11 years old and ending shortly before her death, her erotic literature, and short stories.

In later Theravāda literature, the term " bodhisatta " is used fairly frequently in the sense of someone on the path to liberation.

This period faded away in music and literature: however, it influenced what came afterward and would eventually be a component of aesthetic taste in later decades.

Popper did not argue against the existence of everyday conspiracies ( as incorrectly suggested in much of the later literature ).

: Fourth, the rich body of Halakhah and Aggadah and the later philosophic and mystical literature, all seeking to come closer to God's presence, are a precious resource for deepening the spiritual life of Israel and humankind.

The great scholar Erasmus would later say that Catherine " loved good literature which she had studied with success since childhood ".

Though female centaurs, called Kentaurides, are not mentioned in early Greek literature and art, they do appear occasionally in later antiquity.

Similar objects found later were often called " QB1-o's ", or " cubewanos ", after this object, though the term " classical " is much more frequently used in the scientific literature.

Not all Medieval writers are so at odds with the Virgilian standard, and with the rediscovery of classical literature later Medieval and Renaissance writers are far more orthodox, but by then the form had become an academic exercise.

Georgi Plekhanov, the father of Russian Marxism, later introduced the term dialectical materialism to Marxist literature.

The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian, Hittite, and Canaanite literature.

He spent the three years at The Queen's College, Oxford after earning his bachelors as one of the university's first Rhodes Scholars, initially studying jurisprudence ( instead of science as a promise to his dying father ), and later added literature and Spanish, and earning his master's degree.

A third such individual at the time was Georg Faust, upon whom several pieces of later literature were written, such as Christopher Marlow's Faust, that portrayed him as consulting with demons.

A gnome is a diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, first introduced by Paracelsus and later adopted by more recent authors including those of modern fantasy literature.

A love of literature later in life may be sparked by an interest in reading children's literature as a child.

In the later years of his life and during the years after his death he was recognized, if at all, as only a minor figure in American literature.

In later Western art and literature and in popular culture, Hercules is more commonly used than Heracles as the name of the hero.

The Beit Yosef is a huge commentary on the Tur in which Rabbi Karo traces the development of each law from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature ( examining thirty-two authorities, beginning with the Talmud and ending with the works of Rabbi Israel Isserlein ).

There Jerome learned Latin and at least some Greek, though probably not the familiarity with Greek literature he would later claim to have acquired as a schoolboy.

Even Grimm himself did not at first intend to include all the languages in his Grammar, but he soon found that Old High German postulated Gothic, and that the later stages of German could not be understood without the help of other West Germanic varieties including English, and that the rich literature of Scandinavia could not be ignored either.

From the perspective of Arthur, perhaps the most significant effect of this great outpouring of new Arthurian story was on the role of the king himself: much of this 12th-century and later Arthurian literature centres less on Arthur himself than on characters such as Lancelot and Guenevere, Perceval, Galahad, Gawain, and Tristan and Isolde.

Their details and practical application, however, is set down in the oral law ( eventually codified in the Mishnah and Talmud ) and elaborated on in the later rabbinical literature.