In the above mentioned report of the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors, the basic outlook of the new breed of lay faculty emerges very clearly in the very statement of the problem as the members see it: `` Even with the best of intentions he ( the President of the university ) is loath to delegate such authority and responsibility to a group the membership of which, considered ( as it must be by him ) in individual terms, is inhomogeneous, mortal and of extremely varying temperament, interests and capabilities.

In fact, Buddhism, in its fundamental form, does not define what is right and what is wrong in absolute terms for lay followers.

Athanasius ' first problem lay with the Meletians, who had failed to abide by the terms of the decision made at the First Council of Nicaea which had hoped to reunite them with the Church.

Bound by the rules of chivalry, Don Quixote submits to prearranged terms that the vanquished is to obey the will of the conqueror, which in this case, is that Don Quixote is to lay down his arms and cease his acts of chivalry for the period of one year ( a duration in which he may be cured of his madness ).

In lay terms, there is a very large — perhaps infinite — number of universes, and everything that could possibly have happened in our past, but did not, has occurred in the past of some other universe or universes.

Anglicanism is the most prominent of the Reformation traditions to lay claim to the historic episcopate through apostolic succession in terms comparable to the various Catholic and Orthodox Communions.

But the real importance, to my mind, lay in the effect they had on our own people, and especially the village masses .... Non-cooperation dragged them out of the mire and gave them self-respect and self-reliance .... They acted courageously and did not submit so easily to unjust oppression ; their outlook widened and they began to think a little in terms of India as a whole .... It was a remarkable transformation and the Congress, under Gandhi's leadership, must have the credit for it.

While the United States defined its interests in terms of resisting the fascist threat, Paraguayan officials believed their interests lay in economic expediency and were reluctant to antagonize Germany until the outcome of the war was no longer in doubt.

The analysis of " mainstream Puritanism " in terms of the evolution from it of separatist and antinomian groups that did not flourish, and others that continue to this day such as Baptists and Quakers, can suffer in this way, as well as risking an incoherent view of where the burden of belief lay for the " godly ".

The problem lay in the fact that Henry was only the most prominent male heir, the most senior in terms of agnatic descent from Edward III.

The Japanese, on the other hand, were required by the terms of the surrender to both lay down their arms and maintain order ; a contradiction that some resolved by handing weapons to Japanese-trained Indonesians.

" In lay terms, trait EI refers to an individual's self-perceptions of their emotional abilities.

Even assuming that lay interview diagnoses are highly accurate in terms of sensitivity and specificity and their corresponding area under the ROC curve ( that is, AUC, or area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ), a condition with a relatively low prevalence or base-rate is bound to yield high false positive rates, which exceed false negative rates ; in such a circumstance a limited positive predictive value, PPV, yields high false positive rates even in presence of a specificity which is very close to 100 %.

By the Treaty of Åbo 7 May 1743 the terms of the empress were accepted and only that small part of Finland which lay beyond the Kymi River was retained by Russia.

To the southeast lay the second largest island, Trinidad, followed by Barbados ( in terms of population ), located at the eastern extremity of the Federation.

Men who have completed this Samanera ordination and have returned to lay life are considered primed for adult married life and are described in the Thai language and the Khmer language by terms which roughly translate as " cooked ," " finished ," or " cooled off " in English, as in meal preparation / consumption.

In addition, there are eight other members, each of whom serve three-year terms ; four are Dominican friars and four are lay persons.

The North Vietnamese pressured the Cambodian communists to accept the terms of the peace accords ; their interests lay more in keeping the war active at a low level ( tying down South Vietnamese troops in the process ) than in an outright victory for the Khmer Rouge.

By 721 he was reinforced and ready to lay siege to Toulouse, a possession that would open up bordering Aquitaine to him on the same terms as Septimania.

Samuel and Cyrus had gone to Constantinople, in defiance of the terms on which the excommunication had been lifted, to lay their complaint before the emperor and Patriarch of Constantinople, deciding that a hearing by Domnus would obviously be biased towards Ibas.

Alarmed at the imminent danger of war, he confined his efforts to inducing the Johannesburgers to lay down their arms on condition that the raiders ' lives were spared, not knowing that these terms had already been granted to Jameson.

The term, like so many other 19th century medical terms, acquired pejorative connotations as it became used in lay speech.

The thick joints in question are not even in fact the birds ’ knees, but the intertarsal joints — in lay terms the ankles.

Poetry is quite popular in contemporary South Korea, both in terms of number of works published and lay writing.

If we have five problems whose solution we seek in relatively united fashion, then there are twice as many issues which, I judge, sharply divide us, intergroup relations practitioners and lay people.

These citizens are called saiban-in ( 裁判員 " lay judge ").

They are similar to common law juries, and unlike lay judges, in that they sit separately from the judges and decide questions of fact alone while the judge determines questions of law.

" If certain acts of violation of treaties are crimes, they are crimes whether the United States does them or whether Germany does them, and we are not prepared to lay down a rule of criminal conduct against others which we would not be willing to have invoked against us ... We must never forget that the record on which we judge these defendants is the record on which history will judge us tomorrow.

In November 2004, after much public debate in favour of and against retaining the title ( see for example Sasha Wass QC ), it was announced that appointments of Queen's Counsel in England would be resumed but that future appointees would be chosen not by the government but by a nine-member panel, chaired by a lay person, which would include two barristers, two solicitors, one retired judge and three non-lawyers.

Chief Justice Roger Taney, sitting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the authority to suspend habeas corpus lay with Congress, not the president.

Verdicts and sentences are determined by a majority vote, with the lay judges ' votes counting the same as the professional judge.

Civil cases are normally held before a single professional judge, but either side can demand two lay judges be seated as well.

Magistrates ' Courts are presided over by a bench of lay magistrates ( aka justices of the peace ), or a legally-trained district judge ( formerly known as a stipendiary magistrate ), sitting in each local justice area.

Either a group ( known as a ' bench ') of ' lay magistrates ', or a district judge, will hear the case.

Alternatively a case may be heard by a district judge ( formerly known as a stipendiary magistrate ), who will be a qualified lawyer and will sit singly, but has the same powers as a lay bench.

His faults as a judge lay in his disposition to be intolerant of those who, not able to follow the rapidity of his judgment, endeavoured to persist in argument after he had made up his mind ; but though he was peremptory with the most eminent counsel, young men had no cause to complain of his treatment of them.

In 2006 Baird commented that in calculating the sentence of a sex offender the judge had been too lenient ; she retracted the comments after her boss Lord Falconer supported the judge saying the fault lay not with the judiciary but with sentencing guidelines.

* District courts ( one in each administrative district ) were the courts of general civil jurisdiction and limited criminal jurisdiction and are presided over by one professional judge and two lay judges ( there were no juries in the Czechoslovak judicial system ).

In criminal cases where this is not the case, the judge sits with two lay judges.

In cases where lay judges sit with the judge, decisions are adopted by simple majority.

The focus of the debate is a clash of ideas in a persuasive manner that can be understood by a " lay " judge.

Though such a council has not been summoned since then, and was considered obsolete at the time, each peer is commonly considered a counsellor of the Sovereign, and, according to Sir William Blackstone in 1765, " it is usually looked upon to be the right of each particular peer of the realm, to demand an audience of the King, and to lay before him, with decency and respect, such matters as he shall judge of importance to the public weal.

The trial court consisted of a professional judge with a 5-year term and two assessors ( lay judges ) from the population with a 2. 5-year term.

Currently, Japan uses a lay judge system in some criminal trials.

To judge from the celestial expression of her countenance as she lay in death, there is every reason to believe that she has already taken her abode among the Saints in Heaven, enjoying the munificence of God, who rewards His servants ' according to their works.

Since the passing of the Justice ( Northern Ireland ) Act 2002, two lay magistrates sit with the district judge in Youth Court ( criminal proceedings involving children ) and Family Proceedings Court ( family law ) matters, but the judge still sits alone in other matters.