The reason for creating another alter ego was Akunin's desire to write historical novels without a mystery component and to attempt a " Slavophile " look at Russian history in lieu of his usual " Westerner " outlook.

) Notwithstanding the above, companies are permitted to account for almost any financial instrument at fair value, which they might elect to do in lieu of historical cost accounting ( see FAS 159, " The Fair Value Option ").

( As a note of historical comparison, in Imperial Russia the mining workers at state mines ( bergals, " бергалы ", from German Bergauer ) were often recruited in lieu of military service which, for a certain period, had a term of 25 years ).

He was sent to board at Haileybury in May 1919 where he showed a precocious talent for art, providing set designs for play productions and giving away sketches to prefects in lieu of " dates " ( a punishment at Haileybury, similar to " lines " whereby offenders are required to write out set lists of historical dates ).

Tchaikovsky made swift, steady progress on the concerto, as by this point in his rest cure he had regained his inspiration, and the work was completed within a month despite the middle movement getting a complete rewrite ( a version of the original movement was preserved as the first of the three pieces for violin and piano, Souvenir d ' un lieu cher ).

The Game Boy Advance version of the game uses an EEPROM chip to save the player's progress in lieu of the password system.

In its early stages, the Court held the view that interstate commerce was wholly immune from state taxation " in any form ," " even though the same amount of tax should be laid on ( intrastate ) commerce ," This position gave way in time to a less uncompromising but formal approach, according to which, for example, the Court would invalidate a state tax levied on gross receipts from interstate commerce, or upon the " freight carried " in interstate commerce, but would allow a tax merely measured by gross receipts from interstate commerce as long as the tax was formally imposed upon franchises, or "' in lieu of all taxes upon ( the taxpayer's ) property ,'" Dissenting from this formal approach in 1927, Justice Stone remarked that it was " too mechanical, too uncertain in its application, and too remote from actualities, to be of value.

His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's Muslim neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish ( or pan-Turkic ) identity with " a territorial Northeast-orientation Turkish speaking peoples ".

`` Tailin' '' was the throwin' of an animal by the tail in lieu of a rope.

In lieu of willing men who meet these qualifications, congregations are sometimes overseen by the congregation's men in general.

Many third party developers used the V64 in lieu of the PC64 Development Kit sold by Nintendo ; the V64 was considered an attractive, low cost alternative to the expensive N64 development machine, which was manufactured by Silicon Graphics at the time.

It was announced by War Department General Order No. 6, 1918-01-12, with the following information concerning the medal: " A bronze medal of appropriate design and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be awarded by the President to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army shall hereafter distinguish himself or herself, or who, since 1917-04-06, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility in time of war or in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United States.

* 1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.

Lacking any source of adequate funds, they revived an 1864 Haitian law, discovered by Butler, requiring peasants to perform labor on local roads in lieu of paying a road tax.

The government's acceptance of foreign aid during the 1980s, in lieu of economic growth sparked by private investment, allowed it to ignore the necessity of creating new jobs.

The GBMI verdict is available as an alternative to, rather than in lieu of, a " not guilty by reason of insanity " verdict.

Nor were manors held necessarily by lay lords rendering military service ( or again, cash in lieu ) to their superior: a substantial share ( estimated by value at 17 % in England in 1086 ) belonged directly to the king, and a greater proportion ( rather more than a quarter ) were held by bishoprics and monasteries.

In lieu of any evidence of the type commonly used for authorship attribution, Oxfordians discard the methods used by historians and employ other types of arguments to make their case, the most common being supposed parallels between Oxford's life and Shakespeare's works.

The government was effectively held in his lieu by Cardinal Niccolò Coscia, who had been Benedict's secretary when he was archbishop of Benevento, and who committed a long series of financial abuses at his own advantage, causing the ruin of the Papal treasure.

American paratroopers also famously used a device known as a " cricket " on D-Day in place of a password system as a temporarily unique method of identification ; one metallic click given by the device in lieu of a password was to be met by two clicks in reply.

In 1968, Puma SE introduced the first pair of sneakers with Velcro straps in lieu of shoelaces, and these became popular by the 1980s, especially among children and the elderly.

When real estate is held by a higher government unit or some other entity not subject to taxation by the local government, the taxing authority may receive a payment in lieu of taxes to compensate it for some or all of the foregone tax revenue.

Taft also had a disagreement with Roosevelt over the latter's conclusion of an executive agreement with the Dominican Republic, in lieu of what Taft thought should have been a treaty, requiring ratification by the Senate.

* X is used by the illiterate in lieu of a signature and indicates a signature line on forms.

* 1280 – King Magnus I of Sweden founds a Swedish nobility by enacting a law accepting a contribution of a cavalry-member in lieu of ordinary tax payments.

Moist toilet paper was first introduced in the United Kingdom by Andrex in the 1990s, and in the United States by Kimberly-Clark in 2001 ( in lieu of bidets which are rare in those countries.

In lieu of the cosmological constant itself, cosmologists often refer to the ratio between the energy density due to the cosmological constant and the critical density of the universe.

Although the OSI model is often still referenced, the Internet's TCP / IP protocol suite is used in lieu of the OSI protocols.

During this time she acquired her famous coffin, in which she often slept in lieu of a bed – claiming that doing so helped her understand her many tragic roles.

Given Russia's often inadequately trained conscript armies and the use of inaccurate smooth-bore muskets, Russian officers preferred to use the bayonet charge in lieu of musket volley fire where possible.

He also described that in the first decades of usage, the term ethnicity had often been used in lieu of older terms such as " cultural " or " tribal " when referring to smaller groups with shared cultural systems and shared heritage, but that " ethnicity " had the added value of being able to describe the commonalities between systems of group identity in both tribal and modern societies.

Because most instant messaging clients indicate to users when their online contacts are away before they send a message, more often than not away messages are meant to be read in lieu of sending a message, rather than a response.

Sniffin ' Glue was not so much badly written as barely written ; grammar was non-existent, layout was haphazard, headlines were usually just written in felt tip, swearwords were often used in lieu of a reasoned argument.

However, these thermostats are often fully functional in the sense that they are used to detect the temperature in the zone, even though their controls are disabled and not used in lieu of the environmental controls of the building.

Body painting is often used with nude fire performers in lieu of a costume, sometimes to give the impression that the performer is actually wearing a costume.

Like many other writers, Robert Jordan never officially names his world, so ( in lieu of another name ) Randland has come into accepted common usage --- so that fans have something to call it, although clues scattered throughout the series often suggest the world is own respective planet earth.

However, publishers often encourage note references in lieu of parenthetical references.

Owing to the relatively high density of the wood ( it is one of the few woods that are denser than water ), boxwood is often used for chess pieces, unstained boxwood for the white pieces and stained (' ebonized ') boxwood for the black pieces, in lieu of ebony.

Those that do not often have a requirement of taking two additional courses, minimum, in lieu of preparing a thesis.

The most popular webbing is one inch but it is available in two and three inch widths which in earlier days were often used in lieu of climbing harnesses.

Shirley Temples are often served to children dining with adults in lieu of real cocktails, as is the similar Roy Rogers.

Such service was often handed down as a penalty in lieu of that of death upon their families.

In the Late Roman Empire the citizens performed opera publica in lieu of paying taxes ; often it consisted of road and bridge work.

Amateur television operators often use a lower third or bug containing their callsign in lieu of voice identification.

Some farmers attack this problem with a “ burn-down ” herbicide such as glyphosate in lieu of tillage for seedbed preparation and because of this, no-till is often associated with increased chemical use in comparison to traditional tillage based methods of crop production.

Ratings are often given in lieu of censorship.

The same custom is often followed in fiction: the Constitution-class cruiser is the basis for the Enterprise of Star Trek ( although in Star Trek the term pathfinder is also occasionally used in lieu of lead ship ) and the Imperial-class Star Destroyer appears in Star Wars.

The block itself can be considered a show as it consists of a short segment hosted by a personality formerly called a PJ ( program jockey ) that airs in the space between the actual television shows, often in lieu of commercials.

The catcher — or pitcher, in lieu of delivering the pitch — often tries to prevent this by throwing the ball to one of the infielders in order to tag the runner.