If Russian pupils have to take these languages, how come American students have a choice whether or not to take a language, but have to face so many exceptions??

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

We need many more studies of this sort if the design of written languages is to be put on a sound basis.

It is evident that Swadesh has not only had much experience with basic vocabulary in many languages but has acquired great tact and feeling for the expectable behavior of lexical items.

Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically.

European alphabets, especially Latin and Cyrillic, have been adapted for many languages of Asia.

Some alphabets disregard tone entirely, especially when it does not carry a heavy functional load, as in Somali and many other languages of Africa and the Americas.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way.

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notation, including natural languages, pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages or control tables ( processed by interpreters ).

Furthermore, they argued that many of the typological features of the supposed Altaic languages, such as agglutinative morphology and SOV word order, usually co-occur in languages.

The German dialects of South Tyrol have been influenced by local Romance languages, in particular with many loan words from Italian, and Ladin.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

The book went through many editions, was reprinted in the United States and translated into German and other languages.

This alphabet has influenced development of orthographies of many African languages ( serving " as the basis for the transcription " of about 60, by one count ), but not all, and discussions of harmonization of systems of transcription that led to, among other things, adoption of the African reference alphabet.

Vowels and their corresponding semivowels alternate in many languages depending on the phonological environment, or for grammatical reasons, as is the case with Indo-European ablaut.

It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages ( including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German ).

* Asterix around the World – The many languages

The same case is used in many languages for the objects of ( some or all ) prepositions.

He composed also a number of different works including many art songs in different languages and a number of important piano pieces, like the five " Doloras " ( 1914 ), which he later orchestrated and are normally played in concerts in Chile and Latinamerica.

However, an ADT may be implemented by specific data types or data structures, in many ways and in many programming languages ; or described in a formal specification language.

As in so many programming languages, the operation ( V, x ) is often written V ← x ( or some similar notation ), and ( V ) is implied whenever a variable V is used in a context where a value is required.

The Gap looming before him -- the place where had confronted Jack English on that day so many years ago -- was his exit from all that had meaning to him.

For the most part, however, the new version is contemporary and, as such, should be the means for many to attain a clearer comprehension of the meaning of those words recorded so many hundreds of years ago by the first followers of Christ.

Unlike many other statistics, a player's OPS does not have a simple intrinsic meaning, despite its usefulness as a comparative statistic.

The Hebrew text of Samuel is widely recognised to be heavily corrupted with errors ( meaning that scribes, over the centuries, have introduced many mistakes while copying the original version ), while in addition the Greek and Hebrew versions differ considerably ; modern scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.

Whenever the book was written and whatever the historicity of the events recounted in it, clearly by the time it was written the term " Yehudim " ( יהודים-Jews ) already gained a meaning quite close to what it means up to the present — i. e. an ethnic-religious group, scattered in many countries, organised in autonomous communities and a target of hatred.

They say that the literal meaning is true but that hidden behind this historical account are many allegories.

Additionally, the Greek text contains many small changes in the meaning of the main text.

Although for instance the EU ( as well as many other developed countries ) has a balanced monetary balance of trade, its physical trade balance ( especially with developing countries ) is negative, meaning that a lot less material is exported than imported.

Similarly, one declarative sentence can refer to many propositions ; for instance, " I am hungry " changes meaning ( i. e. refers to different propositions ) depending on the person uttering it.

The name of the element is derived from the Greek word " chrōma " ( χρώμα ), meaning colour, because many of its compounds are intensely coloured.

The term wasn't new, as during the 19th century Capoeira was in some places referred to as brincar de angola ( meaning playing Angola ) and many other masters, which did not use Pastinha's techniques, adopted it.

The context for many of these Cycladic figurines have been mostly destroyed and their meaning may never be completely understood.

Social conservatives ( in the first meaning of the word ) in many countries generally favor the pro-life position in the abortion controversy and oppose human embryonic stem cell research ( particularly if publicly funded ); oppose both eugenics and human enhancement ( transhumanism ) while supporting bioconservatism ; support a traditional definition of marriage as being one man and one woman ; view the nuclear family model as society's foundational unit ; oppose expansion of civil marriage and child adoption rights to couples in same-sex relationships ; promote public morality and traditional family values ; oppose atheism, especially militant atheism, secularism and the separation of church and state ; support the prohibition of drugs, prostitution, and euthanasia ; and support the censorship of pornography and what they consider to be obscenity or indecency.

The importance of crannog reoccupation is therefore evident and full of meaning, especially when many instances see crannogs built near natural islets that were often completely unused.

By the mid-20th century many rhyming slang expressions used the names of contemporary personalities, especially actors and performers: for example " Gregory Peck " meaning " neck " and also " cheque "; " Ruby Murray " meaning " curry "; " Alans ", meaning " knickers " from Alan Whicker ; " Max Miller " meaning " pillow " when pronounced / ˈpilə / and " Henry Halls ".

In opposing interpretations of the Bible that are supportive of homosexual relationships, conservative Christians have argued for the reliability of the Bible, and the meaning of texts related to homosexual acts, while often seeing what they call the diminishing of the authority of the Bible by many homosexual authors as being ideologically driven.

Napier goes on to point out that many Japanese commentators refer to anime with the term " mukokuseki ", meaning " stateless ".

Cacti can be treelike ( arborescent ), meaning that they typically have a single more-or-less woody trunk topped by several to many branches.

Like so many Buddhists from 600-1000 CE, Dharmakirti ’ s philosophy involved mereological nihilism, meaning that other than states of consciousness, the only things that exist are momentary quantum particles, much like the particles of quantum physics ( quarks, electrons, etc.

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.