If Russian pupils have to take these languages, how come American students have a choice whether or not to take a language, but have to face so many exceptions??

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

We need many more studies of this sort if the design of written languages is to be put on a sound basis.

It is evident that Swadesh has not only had much experience with basic vocabulary in many languages but has acquired great tact and feeling for the expectable behavior of lexical items.

Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically.

European alphabets, especially Latin and Cyrillic, have been adapted for many languages of Asia.

Some alphabets disregard tone entirely, especially when it does not carry a heavy functional load, as in Somali and many other languages of Africa and the Americas.

At the other extreme are languages such as English, where the spelling of many words simply has to be memorized as they do not correspond to sounds in a consistent way.

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notation, including natural languages, pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages or control tables ( processed by interpreters ).

Furthermore, they argued that many of the typological features of the supposed Altaic languages, such as agglutinative morphology and SOV word order, usually co-occur in languages.

The German dialects of South Tyrol have been influenced by local Romance languages, in particular with many loan words from Italian, and Ladin.

ALGOL ( short for ALGOrithmic Language ) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM, in textbooks, and academic works for the next 30 years and more.

The book went through many editions, was reprinted in the United States and translated into German and other languages.

This alphabet has influenced development of orthographies of many African languages ( serving " as the basis for the transcription " of about 60, by one count ), but not all, and discussions of harmonization of systems of transcription that led to, among other things, adoption of the African reference alphabet.

Vowels and their corresponding semivowels alternate in many languages depending on the phonological environment, or for grammatical reasons, as is the case with Indo-European ablaut.

It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages ( including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German ).

* Asterix around the World – The many languages

The same case is used in many languages for the objects of ( some or all ) prepositions.

He composed also a number of different works including many art songs in different languages and a number of important piano pieces, like the five " Doloras " ( 1914 ), which he later orchestrated and are normally played in concerts in Chile and Latinamerica.

However, an ADT may be implemented by specific data types or data structures, in many ways and in many programming languages ; or described in a formal specification language.

As in so many programming languages, the operation ( V, x ) is often written V ← x ( or some similar notation ), and ( V ) is implied whenever a variable V is used in a context where a value is required.

There are still many other elements, such as Chéng ( 誠, honesty ), Shù ( 恕, kindness and forgiveness ), Lián ( 廉, honesty and cleanness ), Chǐ ( 恥, shame, judge and sense of right and wrong ), Yǒng ( 勇, bravery ), Wēn ( 溫, kind and gentle ), Liáng ( 良, good, kindhearted ), Gōng ( 恭, respectful, reverent ), Jiǎn ( 儉, frugal ), Ràng ( 讓, modestly, self-effacing ).

" At that time, contrary to many of the other bohemians, Munch was still respectful of women, as well as reserved and well-mannered, but he began to give in to the binge drinking and brawling of his circle.

Although respectful of Gounod, Verdi was careful not to learn anything from the Frenchman whom many of Verdi's contemporaries regarded as the greatest living composer.

There are many examples of courtesans who, by remaining discreet and respectful to their benefactors, were able to extend their careers into or past middle age and retire financially secure ; Catherine Walters is a good example.

In the late 19th Century, Ida Craddock wrote many serious instructional tracts on human sexuality and appropriate, respectful sexual relations between married couples.

Unlike many of the prelates of that region, Anatolius ' faith in Christ remained always pure and his attitude towards the Roman Pontiff most respectful.

As in many other European languages, English at the time had a T-V distinction, which made the plural forms more respectful and deferential ; they were used to address strangers and social superiors.

Referred to as the Ghetto Sisters — the respectful term contrasted sharply with the names used for the women attached to other New York gangs of the period — the women were generally viewed as organization members and as girlfriends, whereas many other gangs treated women almost entirely as sexual property.

She was a colleague of Emma Goldman, with whom she maintained a relationship of respectful disagreement on many issues.

Unlike many US soldiers, he was respectful toward the ARVN soldiers notwithstanding their low morale, and was committed to training and strengthening their morale and commitment.

LORD MAYOR and BENJAMIN HOPKINS ESQ CHAMBERLAIN in CONSIDERATION of the ADVANTAGES likely to accrue to the PUBLIC by his INVENTION of FIRE PLATES for securing buildings from FIRE and for his respectful attention to this CITY in his repeated EXPERIMENTS performed before many of the members of the COURT.

The magazine ’ s respectful treatment of celebrities allows it to maintain a friendly relationship with many stars.

As the race narrowed to a close, the two front-runners ran a respectful campaign without many negative partisan attacks.

* Persons without dreads are sometimes called baldheads ( somewhat derisive ) or lack ( more respectful ); however as a common Rasta refrain points out, " It's not the dread upon your head, but the love inna your heart that mek ya Rasta ..." meaning that many Rasta faithful themselves lack dreadlocks, while some non-Rastas, wolves inna sheeps clothes, may wear dreads solely for fashion.

She recalled the transition from being called " sweetheart " and " darling " in her early years as a producer to the respectful " ma ' am " many years later on the DVD commentary for Escape From New York with production designer Joe Alves.

Once his identity was known, respectful Confederates placed a guard around his body, and many recited his poetry over their evening campfires.

In many varieties, the third-person singular inflection is generalized to a present tense marker ; for example, the verb " to like " is conjugated I likes, you likes, he / she / it likes, we likes, you likes, and they likes.

For Whitehead, there are many contributory singular causes for an event.

where the preference many languages show for singular pronouns probably gives rise to the singular in " singular they ".

English is typical among many languages because it forms distributives with pronouns and marks for singular and plural.

A common inaccuracy is the use of the plural pronoun when the antecedent is a distributive expression such as each, each one, everybody, every one, many a man, which, though implying more than one person, requires the pronoun to be in the singular.

In North America in particular, many television networks available via cable and satellite television are branded as " channels " because they are somewhat different than traditional networks in the sense defined above, as they are singular operations – they have no affiliates or component stations, but instead are distributed to the public via cable or direct-broadcast satellite companies.

Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 suggested that, since the name Heruli itself is identified by many with the Anglo-Saxon eorlas (" nobles "), Old Saxon erlos (" men "), the singular of which ( erilaz ) frequently occurs in the earliest Northern inscriptions, that " Heruli " may have been a title of honor.

As many have noted, it is possible to provide an alternative analysis, by which mass nouns and plural count nouns are assigned a similar semantics, as distinct from that of singular count nouns.

Notice again that this is probably not a fact about mass-count syntax, but about prototypical examples, since many singular count nouns have referents whose proper parts can be described by the same term.

In many languages including English, the number categories are singular and plural.

One widespread distinction, found in English and many other languages, involves a simple two-way number contrast between singular and plural ( car / cars, child / children, etc .).

** Indonesian: orang " person " ( singular ) – orang -< u > orang </ u > " people " ( plural ); BUT dua orang " two people " and banyak orang " many people " ( reduplication is not done when the context is clear and when the plurality is not emphasized )

In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with a certain definiteness ( e. g., definite or indefinite ), just as many languages express every noun with a certain grammatical number ( e. g., singular or plural ).

It is singular that no mention of it occurs during the Social War ; but it seems to have escaped from the calamities which at that time befel so many cities of Samnium, and towards the close of the Roman Republic is spoken of as one of the most opulent and flourishing cities of Italy.

Following is a table of singular and plural versions of the second person plural and singular in many languages.

For many decades, some scholars of the Ancient Near East argued that it was impossible to define there as being a singular Mesopotamian religion, with Leo Oppenheim ( 1964 ) stating that " a systematic presentation of Mesopotamian religion cannot and should not be written.

After World War II there was much publicity about the deeds of " the commandos "; many civilians reading these accounts, guessing a meaning from the context, thought in error that the singular " a commando " meant one man, and that usage became general.

One 18th century observer commented that from its ‘ peculiar position in relation to the sea ’, the county of Wigtown offered ‘ many singular advantages to the landing of smuggled goods and smugglers were not slow in taking advantage of smuggled goods and smugglers were not slow in taking advantage of this ’.

In many cases these sub-categories are split in singular specimens and sets of instruments.

In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition ( SVD ) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix, with many useful applications in signal processing and statistics.

Festus underwent many changes and incorporations, but it remains a singular example of a piece of work virtually completed in youth, and never supplanted or reinforced by later achievements of its author.