He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital.

Examining Jewish history and rabbinic literature through the lens of academic criticism, Conservative Judaism believes that halakha has always evolved to meet the changing realities of Jewish life, and that it must continue to do so in the modern age.

The modern usage of terms for mail armour is highly contested in popular and, to a lesser degree, academic culture.

It was highly influential in the advancement of modern cryptography in the academic world.

The intense academic scrutiny the algorithm received over time led to the modern understanding of block ciphers and their cryptanalysis.

In modern times, geology is commercially important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and for evaluating water resources ; it is publicly important for the prediction and understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change ; plays a role in geotechnical engineering ; and is a major academic discipline.

* Haithabu is the modern German spelling used when referring to the historical settlement, it is also often used in this way in anglophone academic contexts.

Its charismatic mysticism has inspired non-Orthodox Neo-Hasidic thinkers and influenced wider modern Jewish denominations, while its scholarly thought has interested contemporary academic study.

A current project at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities is underway to update the Deutsches Wörterbuch to modern academic standards.

Flynn defines intelligence to be independent of culture, emphasizing that the style of thought required to deal with problems of survival in a desert ( mapping, tracking ..), is different from that required to do well in the modern West ( academic achievement etc.

She was both a popularizer of the insights of anthropology into modern American and Western culture and a respected, if controversial, academic anthropologist.

However, the foundation of memetics in full modern incarnation originates in the publication in 1996 of two books by authors outside the academic mainstream: Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme by former Microsoft executive turned motivational speaker and professional poker player, Richard Brodie, and Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society by Aaron Lynch, a mathematician and philosopher who worked for many years as an engineer at Fermilab.

In modern academic usage, the term Mesopotamia often also has a chronological connotation.

One modern academic theory of religion, social constructionism, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religions as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings, and thus religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.

In modern sexology, researchers apply tools from several academic fields, including biology, medicine, psychology, statistics, epidemiology, sociology, anthropology, and criminology.

* Tamilakam, In an academic context, Tamilakam is used to refer to these territories as a single cultural area, where Tamil was the natural language and culture of all people It is also used, less correctly, to refer to the modern state of Tamil Nadu in India

Law professor Charles Lund Black took a similar position, though Stimson and Black respectively acknowledged that their views differed from the modern view, and differed from the prevalent view in academic writing.

She studied modern European languages and was the first woman in Sweden to complete an academic degree when she finished a fil.

* First to develop an academic hospitalist program ( and coined the term " hospitalist ") ( Robert M. Wachter ); the field is the fastest growing specialty in modern medical history

Some early scholars identified the Ouenedai with the Wends, however, based on linguistic facts, modern academic views now argue that the Ouenedai were ethnolinguistically different from Slavs and hence cannot be equated with Wends.

While the traditional majority view in religious Judaism has been that the teachings of Kabbalah were revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and were then transmitted orally from the Biblical era until its redaction by Shimon ben Yochai, modern academic analysis of the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that De Leon was the actual author.

In some academic studies, Zionism has been analyzed both within the larger context of diaspora politics and as an example of modern national liberation movements.

The modern academic sense of the word, in the context of social roles of men and women, dates from the work of John Money ( 1955 ), and was popularized and developed by the feminist movement from the 1970s onwards ( see below ).

Although Utopian communism is both new in 1516 and also modern, it is not modern communism or even modern socialism, as they exist or have ever existed in theory or in practice.

This placement is consistent with the modern practice of ordering the elements by proton number, Z, but this number was not known or suspected at the time.

* Hansard, George Agar ( 1841 ) The Book of Archery: being the complete history and practice of the art, ancient and modern ... London: H. G. Bohn

In modern firearms terminology this is often called a " New York reload " after the practice of New York Police Department officers carrying second ( and even third ) guns as backup.

There are two classes of high-performance algorithms for solving instances of SAT in practice: the conflict-driven clause learning algorithm, which can be viewed as a modern variant of the DPLL algorithm ( well known implementation include Chaff, GRASP ) and stochastic local search algorithms, such as WalkSAT.

In light of this, and the practical difficulty of managing such long keys, modern cryptographic practice has discarded the notion of perfect secrecy as a requirement for encryption, and instead focuses on computational security, under which the computational requirements of breaking an encrypted text must be infeasible for an attacker.

The practice of using the Confucian meritocracy to justify political actions continues in countries in the Sinosphere, including post-economic liberalization People's Republic of China, Chiang Kai-Shek's Republic of China, and modern Singapore.

The history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is typically divided into three broad time periods: ( 1 ) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, Jr. which is in common with all Latter Day Saint movement churches, ( 2 ) a " pioneer era " under the leadership of Brigham Young and his 19th Century successors, and ( 3 ) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century as the practice of polygamy was discontinued.

This phrase is frequently used when discussing the value of an electric current, especially in older texts ; modern practice often shortens this to simply current but current intensity is still used in many recent textbooks.

Under the influence of the Enlightenment, many mainstream denominations had relegated spiritual healing to the realm of a one-time dispensation rather than a modern practice.

Its combination of modern innovation ( such as mixed gender seating ) and traditional practice particularly appealed to first and second-generation Eastern European Jewish immigrants, who found Orthodoxy too restrictive, but Reform Judaism foreign.

Both the Australian and New Zealand armies follow the British practice of maintaining traditional titles ( Light Horse or Mounted Rifles ) for modern mechanised units.

In modern print, a distinction is made between the letter in its original alphabetic role as a consonant sign, which is rendered as " Ϝ " or its modern lowercase variant " ϝ ", and the numeric symbol, which is represented by " ϛ " ( or, in modern practice in Greece, replaced with " στ ").

In older practice ( and even among some orthographically conservative modern writers ) one may see examples such as élite and rôle.

for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost, the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s, both in London and in Paris.

The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens.

In modern practice, specific rites concerning an individual's passage through life are generally ascribed to one of these two faiths.

In practice, actual performance on modern computers is usually dominated by factors other than arithmetic and is a complicated subject ( see, e. g., Frigo & Johnson, 2005 ), but the overall improvement from O ( N < sup > 2 </ sup >) to O ( N log N ) remains.

Handguns were historically issued to riflemen as a secondary weapon, however the reliability and firepower of the modern assault rifle ( and the increasing amount and cost of equipment carried by a soldier ) has made this practice less common as of the end of the 20th century.

The practice of law in the United States is also an example of modern guilds at work.

In modern practice, it is an air-cooled medium machine gun, firing rifle cartridges such as the 7. 62 × 51mm NATO, 7. 62 × 54mmR Warsaw pact, or 7. 92x57mm Mauser.