The most famous such organism is Amoeba proteus ; the name amoeba is variously used to describe its close relatives, other organisms similar to it, or the amoeboids in general.

Though this enzyme is the most prolific creator of organic bromides by living organisms, other bromoperoxidases exist in nature that do not use vanadium.

All organisms have cells, the cell types are unique and their nuclei store most of the DNA.

The last universal ancestor ( LUA ) ( also called the last universal common ancestor, LUCA ), that is, the most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms, is believed to have appeared about 3. 9 billion years ago.

Numerous groups of organisms became extinct during the K-Pg extinction event, most notably the non-avian dinosaurs.

* Bacteria-The most numerous of all the micro organisms found in compost.

Many living organisms are able to produce crystals, for example calcite and aragonite in the case of most molluscs or hydroxylapatite in the case of vertebrates.

; Cryobiology: The branch of biology involving the study of the effects of low temperatures on organisms ( most often for the purpose of achieving cryopreservation ).

Eukaryotic organisms ( animals, plants, fungi, and protists ) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.

The Ediacaran biota include the oldest definite multicellular organisms with tissues, and the most common types resemble segmented worms, fronds, disks, or immobile bags.

; Radioresistant: Organisms resistant to high levels of ionizing radiation, most commonly ultraviolet radiation, but also including organisms capable of resisting nuclear radiation

Escherichia coli is one of the most important model organisms, and its genetics and biochemistry have been closely studied.

The soybean oil emulsion does not harm normal human cells, or the cells of most other higher organisms, with the exceptions of sperm cells and blood cells, which are vulnerable to nanoemulsions due to the peculiarities of their membrane structures.

For most organisms, the resting period is a stage of preparation during which the secretion of fluid from the moulting glands of the epidermal layer and the loosening of the underpart of the cuticle occur.

The fossil record is heavily slanted toward organisms with hard parts, leaving most groups of soft-bodied organisms with little to no fossil record.

Conflict is in fact the basic law of life in all social organisms, as it is of all biological ones ; societies are formed, gain strength, and move forwards through conflict ; the healthiest and most vital of them assert themselves against the weakest and less well adapted through conflict ; the natural evolution of nations and races takes place through conflict.

These plant communities cover approximately 9. 4 percent of the Earth's surface ( or 30 percent of total land area ), though they once covered much more ( about 50 percent of total land area ), in many different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the biosphere.

However, while this simple correspondence between an allele and a trait works in some cases, most traits are more complex and are controlled by multiple interacting genes within and among organisms.

In most organisms, this heat is simply lost to the environment.

Many of the most common primary pathogens of humans only infect humans, however many serious diseases are caused by organisms acquired from the environment or which infect non-human hosts.

Two of the most commonly studied model organisms are invertebrates: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

They have long been the most intensively studied model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced.

Indeed, most of the offensive and defensive toxins that organisms have evolved for shutting down the nervous systems of predators and prey ( e. g., the venoms produced by spiders, scorpions, snakes, fish, bees, sea snails and others ) work by modulating ion channel conductance and / or kinetics.

Introns are found in the genes of most organisms and many viruses, and can be located in a wide range of genes, including those that generate proteins, ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ), and transfer RNA ( tRNA ).

As most humans age, the production of lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose back into glucose and galactose, typically decreases.

Two of the most common polysaccharides are cellulose and glycogen, both consisting of repeating glucose monomers.

Monosaccharides are the major source of fuel for metabolism, being used both as an energy source ( glucose being the most important in nature ) and in biosynthesis.

The premier example is photosynthesis, in which most plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, disposing of oxygen as a side-product.

Generally regarded as the most pleasant taste, sweetness is almost always caused by a type of simple sugar such as glucose or fructose, or disaccharides such as sucrose, a molecule combining glucose and fructose.

For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose, glucose, and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates.

Since the brain effects of hypoglycemia, termed neuroglycopenia, determine whether a given low glucose is a " problem " for that person, most doctors use the term hypoglycemia only when a moderately low glucose level is accompanied by symptoms or brain effects

Perhaps the most common inadequacy of emergency department care in cases of unexplained hypoglycemia is the failure to obtain at least a basic sample before giving glucose to reverse it.

Like most animal tissues, brain metabolism depends primarily on glucose for fuel in most circumstances.

For most practical purposes, the brain is dependent on a continual supply of glucose diffusing from the blood into the interstitial tissue within the central nervous system and into the neurons themselves.

In most people, subtle reduction of mental efficiency can be observed when the glucose falls below 65 mg / dl ( 3. 6 mM ).

As blood glucose levels fall below 10 mg / dl ( 0. 55 mM ), most neurons become electrically silent and nonfunctional, resulting in coma.

Reactive hypoglycemia with demonstrably low blood glucose levels is most often a predictable nuisance which can be avoided by consuming fat and protein with carbohydrates, by adding morning or afternoon snacks, and reducing alcohol intake.

The human body maintains glucose levels constant most of the day, even after a 24-hour fast.

It adjusts for the most recent blood glucose level and the insulin on board, and then suggests the best insulin dose to the user to approve and deliver.

As a result, diabetes specialists have expended increasing effort to help most people with diabetes achieve blood glucose levels as close to normal as achievable.

The most common natural monomer is glucose, which is linked by glycosidic bonds into polymers such as cellulose and starch, and is over 77 % of the mass of all plant matter.

The most important monosaccharide, glucose, is a hexose.

Many organisms can easily break down starches into glucose, however, most organisms cannot metabolize cellulose or other polysaccharides like chitin and arabinoxylans.

At present, however, by far the most commonly used radiotracer in clinical PET scanning is fluorodeoxyglucose ( also called FDG or fludeoxyglucose ), an analogue of glucose that is labeled with fluorine-18.

This results in intense radiolabeling of tissues with high glucose uptake, such as the brain, the liver, and most cancers.

The most probable benefit was to triglyceride levels, with 43 % showing improvement ; but fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance of 91 % of test subjects did not improve.