Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis has a lesser prevalence in smokers than non-smokers.

He has recorded several public service announcements pleading with smokers to quit and urging non-smokers never to start.

There has been an increase in the number of non-smokers at bars and cafes.

One study has shown that, when compared to non-smokers, the threshold volumes ( in other words the lowest volume at which one of these reflexes is triggered ) for both the pharyngo-upper esophageal sphincter contractile reflex and reflexive pharyngeal swallowing is increased.

One study has found that non-smokers and those not habituated to coffee or tea have a statistically higher percentage of tasting PTC than the general population.

There has been an increase in the number of non-smokers at bars and cafes.

Smirting has been so successful that non-smokers try to mingle with the smirters.

Smokers have been shown to have 30 % lower MAO-A activity and 40 % less MAO-B activity than non-smokers.

For example a study to " prove " that smoking does not affect fitness might recruit at the local fitness center, but advertise for smokers during the advanced aerobics class, and for non-smokers during the weight loss sessions.

While radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, it is the number one cause among non-smokers, according to EPA estimates.

Older smokers lose grey matter and cognitive function at a greater rate than non-smokers.

On average, women who smoke cigarettes experience menopause significantly earlier than non-smokers.

By treating the fingerprint with gold nanoparticles with attached cotinine antibodies, and then subsequently with a fluorescent agent attached to cotinine antibodies, the fingerprint of a smoker becomes fluorescent ; non-smokers ' fingerprints stay dark.

The pub received support from smokers and non-smokers alike from Halifax, Bradford, Huddersfield and Leeds.

Tobacco smokers are 60 % more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.

Low birth-weight children born to smoking mothers have a lower infant mortality rate than the low birth weight children of non-smokers.

So it is a surprising real-world observation that low birth weight babies of smoking mothers have a lower child mortality than low birth weight babies of non-smokers.

Radon exposure is considered the leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers.

The economic arguments for increasing excise taxes on cigarettes was that these taxes compensated the State for a whole range of externalities that smoking imposed, including the costs of hospital and medical care for smokers and non-smokers alike, disability pensions for smoking-related diseases, welfare payments made to surviving spouses, the cost of street, home and office cleaning, the burden of home and forest fires, etc.

They relied on an argument by Kip Viscusi which became known as the " death benefits " -- the idea that, since smokers died earlier than non-smokers, the nation was being saved hospital, pension and nursing-home costs, and that these offset many of the external costs on how these are calculated.

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is currently the most common type of lung cancer in lifelong non-smokers.

Sir Liam Donaldson described the ban as " a momentous move which would prevent the deaths of both smokers and non-smokers.

In the study, 117 participants were studied, a mix of current smokers, ex-smokers, non-smokers, and a positive control of participants with a disease, COPD ( Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

If insurers do not vary prices for life insurance according to smoking status, life insurance will be a better buy for smokers than for non-smokers.

So smokers may be more likely to buy insurance, or may tend to buy larger amounts, than non-smokers.

As a consequence, non-smokers may be less likely to buy insurance ( or may buy smaller amounts ) than if they could buy at a lower price to reflect their lower risk.

The reduction in insurance purchase by non-smokers is also ' adverse ' from the insurer's viewpoint, and perhaps also from a public policy viewpoint.

For example, there is evidence that smokers are more willing to do risky jobs than non-smokers, and this greater willingness to accept risk might reduce insurance purchase by smokers.

Ideal for this type of procedure are non-smokers, healthy individuals who do not have a life-threatening illness or medical conditions that can impair healing, adults within 30 % of their ideal weight who have firm and elastic skin.

Høybråten was critical of employers advertising positions for non-smokers, since his he felt the issue ought to be fighting tobacco and its adverse health effects, rather than discriminating against people who smoke.

If Krutch is correct, tragedy may have quite the opposite effect.

Often, therefore, there are a number of rules having the same effect, and commonly other sets of rules as well, having the opposite effect.

They tend to help less if they see non-cooperativeness by others and this effect tend to be stronger than the opposite effect of seeing cooperative behaviors.

Due to the conservation of momentum requiring the parent nucleus to recoil, the effect acts much like the ' kick ' of a rifle butt when a bullet goes in the opposite direction.

Tallard wrote a report to this effect to King Louis that morning, but hardly had he sent the messenger when the Allied army began to appear opposite his camp.

The opposite effect can be achieved by treatment with a strong reducing agent that destroys the protective oxide layer on the metal.

A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction.

The filter might also provide a false sense of security for parents, who might supervise children less while using the Internet, achieving the exact opposite effect.

It has been suggested that this is at least partially due to Berlin's proximity to the front, and that for an opposite effect, New York's geographic distance from the war spawned its more theoretically-driven, less political nature.

The rarer grave accent has the opposite effect, shortening vowel sounds that would usually be pronounced long.

The audience is taken by surprise, by the parody or satire of an unexpected effect or an opposite expectations of their cultural beliefs.

Cecil Hepworth used the opposite effect in The Indian Chief and the Seidlitz Powder ( 1901 ), in which a naïve Red Indian eats a lot of the fizzy stomach medicine, causing his stomach to expand vastly.

Two failed Venizelist military coups followed in an effort to preserve the Republic in 1933 and 1935, but they had the opposite effect.

This cannot explain the opposite sign of the Hall effect observed.

One very important feature of the Hall effect is that it differentiates between positive charges moving in one direction and negative charges moving in the opposite.

Cagney had concerns with the script, remembering back 23 years to Boy Meets Girl, in which scenes were re-shot to try to make them funnier by speeding up the pacing, with the opposite effect.

Ribbentrop hoped that the prospect of facing the Tripartite Pact would deter the United States from supporting Britain, but since the Pact was more or less openly directed against the United States ( the Pact made a point of stressing that the unnamed great power it was directed against was not the Soviet Union ), it had the opposite effect on American public opinion than the one intended.

The abject failure of Ribbentrop's Iraq scheme in May 1941 had a totally opposite effect to the one intended.

This effect systematically increases the orbital magnetic moments that were aligned opposite the field, and decreases the ones aligned parallel to the field ( in accordance with Lenz's law ).

* Nocodazole, vincristine, and Colchicine have the opposite effect, blocking the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules.

Piezoelectric materials also show the opposite effect, called converse piezoelectric effect, where the application of an electrical field creates mechanical deformation in the crystal.

Sea clutter can be reduced by using horizontal polarization, while rain is reduced with circular polarization ( note that meteorological radars wish for the opposite effect, therefore using linear polarization to detect precipitation ).