The ABC innovations included electronic computation, binary arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative capacitor memory, and a separation of memory and computing functions.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program.

For example, if 95 % of the program can be parallelized, the theoretical maximum speedup using parallel computing would be 20 × as shown in the diagram, no matter how many processors are used.

It is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical maximum speedup using multiple processors.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the time needed for the sequential fraction of the program.

For this reason, parallel computing is only useful for either small numbers of processors, or problems with very high values of P: so-called embarrassingly parallel problems.

An array processor or vector processor has multiple parallel computing elements, with no one unit considered the " center ".

This area of research is known as parallel computing.

Other complexity measures are also used, such as the amount of communication ( used in communication complexity ), the number of gates in a circuit ( used in circuit complexity ) and the number of processors ( used in parallel computing ).

The terms " concurrent computing ", " parallel computing ", and " distributed computing " have a lot of overlap, and no clear distinction exists between them.

Parallel computing may be seen as a particular tightly coupled form of distributed computing, and distributed computing may be seen as a loosely coupled form of parallel computing.

* In parallel computing, all processors may have access to a shared memory to exchange information between processors.

The office " will work scalable parallel and distributed heterogeneous computing systems technologies ," DoD said.

( 1999 ) achieves lower communication requirements for parallel computing with the help of a fast multipole method.

A parallel computing cluster or multi-core processor is often connected in regular interconnection network such as a

With the increasing popularity of multi-core processors, programmers now exploit thread-level parallel Gaussian elimination algorithms to increase the speed of computing.

HP researchers investigated a new architecture, later named explicitly parallel instruction computing ( EPIC ), that allows the processor to execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle.

A high-performance computing startup called SiCortex, Inc. introduced a massively parallel MIPS based supercomputer in 2007.

More generally, a shift register may be multidimensional, such that its " data in " and stage outputs are themselves bit arrays: this is implemented simply by running several shift registers of the same bit-length in parallel.

For such reasons, some industrial UPS management systems recommend periodic replacement of entire battery arrays potentially using hundreds of expensive batteries, due to these damaging interactions between new batteries and old batteries, within and across series and parallel strings.

Normal healthy tendons are composed mostly of parallel arrays of collagen fibers closely packed together.

The arrays provided a unique method of switching strings from series to parallel depending on the distance from the sun.

Generally these languages provided support for loading arrays of data " across " the PEs to be executed in parallel, and some even supported the unwinding of loops into array operations.

This can be done either with a phased array where the coils are combined in parallel and often sample overlapping areas with gaps in the sampling or with massive coil arrays, which are a much denser set of receivers separate from the excitation coils.

The improvements were intended to fix some of the persistent character set issues that plagued APL since its inception, and to add new advanced features such as functional programming, arrays of variables, and support for parallel MIMD operations, some of which do not appear in APL today.

Its first beta release was on April 1, 1991 and subsequent releases added a strictness analyzer as well as language extensions such as monadic I / O, mutable arrays, unboxed data types, concurrent and parallel programming models ( such as software transactional memory and data parallelism ) and a profiler.

This is the reason why ZPL achieves such good performance: having no parallel directives or other forms of explicit parallelism, ZPL exploits the operational trait that when aggregate computations are described in terms of arrays, many scalar operations must be ( implicitly ) performed to implement the array operations.

* Massively parallel languages for coding 2000 processor GPU graphics processing units and supercomputer arrays including OpenCL

In computing, a parallel array is a data structure for representing arrays of records.

An example in C using parallel arrays:

A typical example is the parallel DO loop, where different processors work on separate parts of the arrays involved in the loop.

South of the volcano is a broad region of intensely fractured terrain called Ceraunius Fossae, which consists of roughly parallel arrays of narrow, north-south oriented faults.

In mathematics and physics, the Christoffel symbols, named for Elwin Bruno Christoffel ( 1829 – 1900 ), are numerical arrays of real numbers that describe, in coordinates, the effects of parallel transport in curved surfaces and, more generally, manifolds.

The photograph 99 Cent ( 1999 ) was taken at a 99 Cents Only store on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, and depicts its interior as a stretched horizontal composition of parallel shelves, intersected by vertical white columns, in which the abundance of " neatly labeled packets are transformed into fields of color, generated by endless arrays of identical products, reflecting off the shiny ceiling " ( Wyatt Mason ).

The massively parallel processing capabilities of these picomolar-range contemporary arrays provide for the generation of large data sets and multiplexed analysis.

It adds modularity with namespace control, including the parallel tasking monitor concept, dynamic arrays, overloads and overrides, objects, and a host of other minor extensions to the language.

Recent advances have demonstrated massively parallel patterning using two-dimensional arrays of 55, 000 tips.

Such systems, made of a combination of multiple disk arrays, parallel file systems, and archival storage are becoming more prevalent as the volume of data that need to be managed grow exponentially with petascale computing.

In the absence of paralleling circuits, shunt diodes can be used to reduce the power loss due to shadowing in arrays with series / parallel connected cells.

Creating large, parallel nanowire arrays enables long absorption lengths along the length of the wire while still maintaining short minority carrier diffusion lengths along the radial direction.

These two different models combined show that it is possible that motor primitives are in the cerebellum, because, “ a set of parallel arrays of APG can drive each motor primitive module in the spinal cord.