* Sea mark, pilotage aid which identifies the approximate position of a maritime channel, hazard and administrative area

The chart uses symbols to provide pilotage information about the nature and position of features useful to navigators, such as sea bed information, sea marks and landmarks.

This requires that the ship's position be determined, using standard methods including dead reckoning, radar fixing, celestial navigation, pilotage, and electronic navigation, to include usage of GPS and navigation computer equipment.

Sector lights are a man-made pilotage and position fixing aid that consist of strictly de-limited horizontal angle light beams to guide water-borne traffic through a safe channel at night in reasonable visibility.

A cardinal mark is a sea mark ( a buoy or other floating or fixed structure ) used in maritime pilotage to indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water.

His last speech was in a debate on marine pilotage in 1986, when he commented as an elder brother of Trinity House ; in the same year, he played himself as Prime Minister in an Anglia Television drama, " Inside Story ".

In the VFR case, a pilot will largely navigate using dead reckoning combined with visual observations ( known as pilotage ), with reference to appropriate maps.

In the VFR case, a pilot will largely navigate using dead reckoning combined with visual observations ( known as pilotage ), with reference to appropriate maps.

Common types of visual reference point used for pilotage:

While not strictly a " visual feature ," depth, measured by electronic means or manually ( with a lead line ), can also be an important element of pilotage.

A distance line, penetration line or guideline is an item of diving equipment used by SCUBA divers as a means of returning to a safe starting point in conditions of low visibility, water currents or where pilotage is difficult.

Trinity House is also the official deep sea pilotage authority, providing expert navigators for ships trading in Northern European waters.

* Sea mark – aids pilotage by marking a maritime channel, hazard and administrative area to allow boats and ships to navigate safely.

Because of the treacherous waters, pilotage is an essential service for shipping.

The visual pilot must regularly compare the ground with the map, ( pilotage ) to ensure that the track is being followed although adjustments are generally calculated and planned.

This includes maintenance and marking of fairways, surveying and charting Swedish waters, pilotage, search-and-rescue ( in cooperation with other organisations ), ice-breaking, and safety inspections.

People use pilotage for activities such as guiding vessels and aircraft, hiking and Scuba diving.

Poor visibility may affect safe pilotage by obscuring the natural features used by pilots in an area.

A lateral buoy, lateral post or lateral mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the edge of a channel.

A Safe Water Mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the end of a channel.

Examples of Isolated Danger MarksAn Isolated Danger Mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate a hazard to shipping such as a partially submerged rock.

* " It is difficult to see how a pilot boat could be completely immune to capsizing or plunging, but pilot boat design criteria must meet the needs of the industry and pilotage authorities.

Benbow was highly regarded as a specialist in both navigation and pilotage, and his evidence given in July 1690 to the preliminary investigation strongly favoured his old patron, Torrington.

His opinion in Cooley v. Board of Wardens 53 U. S. 299 ( 1852 ) held that the Commerce Power extends to laws related to pilotage.

Various Superintendents developed its work in fields as diverse as astronomy, cartography, meteorology, geodesy, geology, geophysics, hydrography, navigation, oceanography, exploration, pilotage, tides and topography.

Fleming went on to impress Dwan by quickly fixing both his car and a faulty film camera and by 1916 had worked his way up to the position of cinematographer.

Some of Shen's most advanced theories include geomorphology and gradual climate change, while he improves Chinese astronomy by fixing the position of the pole star and correcting the lunar error by plotting its orbital course every night for a continuum of five years.

In telecommunication and position fixing, the term radio fix has the following meanings:

In the open sea there are no landmarks, so position fixing is generally achieved using GPS.

* Celestial navigation is a position fixing technique that was the first system devised to help sailors locate themselves on a featureless ocean.

Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is a position fixing technique that has evolved over several thousand years to help sailors cross oceans without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position.

But since a prudent mariner never relies on any sole means of fixing his position, many national maritime authorities still require deck officers to show knowledge of celestial navigation in examinations, primarily as a back-up for electronic navigation.

Therefore, a hydrographic survey may include the accurate positions and representations of hills, mountains and even lights and towers that will aid in fixing a ship's position, as well as the physical aspects of the sea and seabed.

Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to help the brain use auditory cues to judge direction and distance of sounds.

Some are temporary, as used to position components while fixing them together, others are intended to be permanent.

Other symbols show the position and characteristics of buoys, lights, lighthouses, coastal and land features and structures that are useful for position fixing.

Omega was approved for development in 1968 with only eight transmitters and the ability to achieve a four mile ( 6 km ) accuracy when fixing a position.

* Celestial navigation is a position fixing technique that was devised to help sailors cross the featureless oceans without having to rely on dead reckoning to enable them to strike land.

Potanin's victory unleashed a bitter media war, in which ORT and NTV accused the Chubais group of fixing the auction in favor of Potanin, whereas Chubais charged Berezovsky with abusing his government position to advance his business interests.

The substantive approach examines the applicants themselves before applying for a position, and judges whether they have equal abilities or talents, and if not, then it suggests that authorities ( usually the government ) take steps to make applicants more equal before they get to the point where they compete for a position, and fixing the before-the-starting-point issues has sometimes been described as working towards " fair access to qualifications.

** Boat navigation and position fixing

Position fixing is the branch of navigation concerned with the use of a variety of visual and electronic methods to determine the position of a ship, aircraft or person on the surface of the Earth.

The intersection of two position lines is a fix that is used in position fixing to identify the navigator's location.

A position circle is a circle that can be measured both from a chart and from the surface of the earth for the purpose of position fixing.