Much of the pre-surrender history of the Mojave is still to be revealed and written, since the Mojave language was unwritten in precolonial times.

In precolonial times, obedience to the king was a matter of life and death.

Women did most of the agricultural work, while men often engaged in commerce and politics ( and in precolonial times, warfare ).

The area is well represented by the Cangin, a sub-group of the Serers, who had a fierce reputation for protecting their country from outsiders in precolonial times as well as during the colonial-era ( see Timeline of Serer history and Serer medieval history ).

In precolonial times, these were the primary sources for education in the area, and taught basic literacy to a large proportion of children even in quite remote mountainous areas-leading to the generally accepted speculation that literacy rates in Algeria at the time of the French conquest in 1830 were higher than those of European France.

Within Chad, many Kanembu of Lac and Kanem prefectures identify with the Alifa of Mao, the governor of the region in precolonial times.

The modern longyi, a single piece of cylindrical cloth, is a relatively recent introduction to Burma, having gained popularity during British colonial rule, effectively replacing the paso and htamein of precolonial times.

In precolonial times, men's pasos used to be a long piece of 20 cubits called taungshay paso () and unsewn.

A kapa haka performance involves choral singing, dance and movements associated in the hand-to-hand combat practiced by Māori in precolonial times, presented in a synchronisation of action, timing, posture, footwork and sound.

As cows were considered extremely desirable domestic animals in precolonial times, milk was abundant. In the absence of refrigeration, various kinds of soured milk, somewhat like yogurt, were a dietary mainstay.

As is the case with all ethnic groups of modern day East Africa, Luo history is intricately interwoven with the histories of their neighbours, attesting to the complexity of East African precolonial history.

An international group of researchers have placed the baKoni settlements in the context of numerous other cases of agricultural intensification, that took place in the precolonial era in different parts of Africa.

* Luca tribe, a group of precolonial people in the U. S.

All we know is that it is based on a method of combat used by the precolonial Canarian people.

However, by 1900 a new generation of Vietnamese were coming of age who had never lived in precolonial Vietnam.

They were styled " Chefs de canton ", " Chefs du Village ", or occasionally taking the title of precolonial states assimilated by the French structure whole.

There were waves of Bantu migrations from 2000 BC to 500 AD moving into the basin from the northwest and covers the precolonial states absorbed or overthrown by the colonial powers.

Of particular note is that the populations of the Eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant slaving, mainly from Zanzibari slave dealers such as the infamous Tippu Tip ( though he would come after the Europeans ' entrance onto the scene ).

In the precolonial period, indigenous cuisine was characterized by the use of a very wide range of foods including fruits, nuts, bulbs, leaves and other products gathered from wild plants and by the hunting of wild game.

The region corresponds roughly to the precolonial Kingdom of Bawol and is still called by that name.

South Africa's unique social and political history has generated a rich variety of literatures, with themes spanning precolonial life, the days of apartheid, and the lives of people in the " new South Africa ".

Not to be outdone, the Iteso people, who had never recognized a precolonial king, claimed the title kingoo for Teso District's political boss, Cuthbert Obwangor.

Due to the precolonial era practice of assimilating individuals of other tribes captured in warfare, it can be argued that people in the tribe who are not ethnically Oneida speak the Oneida language ( Wonderley 14 ), but the last such events took place over 200 years ago, and the vast majority of current speakers are of Oneida descent.

The Marxists have focused on studies of economic development, landownership, and class conflict in precolonial India and of deindustrialization during the colonial period.

The History of Senegal is commonly divided into a number of periods, encompassing the prehistoric era, the precolonial period, colonialism, and the contemporary era.

Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest partly isolated it from other precolonial African cultures and from the spread of Islam.

When the first Europeans arrived, the most powerful states in precolonial Zambia were the kingdom of Barotseland in the upper Zambezi, and the kingdom of Mwata Kazembe on the Luapula.

In contrast, Wise compares Derrida's thought to precolonial notions of the word that are rooted in ancient Egyptian and African society.

A golden belt found in Butuan Archeological Digs-a testimony of the wealth and power of the precolonial civilization in Butuan.

They also suppose a sharp chronological divide between the precolonial and colonial eras, arguing that whereas " natural " demographic influences were of greater importance in the former period, human factors predominated thereafter.

The Canton, then, was much smaller than, and qualitatively different from, the precolonial states of the Sahel ( such as the Toucouleur Empire ) which the French would later conquer.

From 1971 to 1999, the city was named Ujung Pandang, after a precolonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably.

Its borders correspond roughly to the Saalum Kingdom of precolonial days, and the area is still spoken of as the Saalum in Wolof, and its inhabitants are called Saalum-Saalum.

Geographically, the region partially overlaps with the precolonial Kingdoms of Cayor and Baol.

Two important principles of precolonial political life carried over into the colonial era: clientage, whereby ambitious younger officeholders attached themselves to older high-ranking chiefs, and generational conflict, which resulted when the younger generation sought to expel their elders from office in order to replace them.

* 1 January-Calcutta officially becomes Kolkata, reverting to its precolonial name.

The precolonial history of the Northern Cape is reflected in a rich, mainly Stone Age, archaeological heritage.

From that period the archaeological record also reflects the development of a complex colonial frontier when precolonial social formations were considerably disrupted and there is an increasing ' fabric heavy ' imprint of built structures, ash-heaps, and so on.

A few precolonial poems and letters composed in Songhay and written in the Arabic alphabet are extant in Timbuktu.

The region did not return to its precolonial population until the 1950s.

The diverse ethnic communities – the Ovimbundu, Ambundu, Bakongo, Chokwe, and other peoples – maintain to varying degrees their own cultural traits, traditions and languages, but in the cities, where slightly more than half of the population now lives, a mixed culture has been emerging since colonial times – in Luanda since its foundation in the 16th century.

Some of the groups include ethnic Russians, however in recent times the growth in interest in the Balalaika by non-ethnic Russians has been considerable.

The conflict in the countryside from 1952-1954 between the Ladinos and Indians was not a new occurrence, but rather a continuation of a dilemma fueled by a complicated mix of class, regional, political, and ethnic differences since the colonial times.

The Ruthenian population formed a majority in GDL from the time of the GDL's expansion in the mid 14th century ; and the adjective " Lithuanian ", besides denoting ethnic Lithuanians, from early times denoted any inhabitant of GDL, including Slavs and Jews.

During medieval and modern times, Macedonia has been known as a Balkan region inhabited by ethnic Greeks, Albanians, Vlachs, Serbs, Bulgarians, Jews, and Turks.

In recent times, separatist aspirations have been growing again in Nigeria, not only by the indigenous people of Biafra but also by other ethnic groups both in the North and in the South, giving a clear sign that Nigeria may not remain the same, but will either be restructured to guarantee self-governance to the six geopolitical regions similar to the Aburi Accord 1967 or break up, disintegrate and go into oblivion like one of the ancient empires we read in history.

At times rapid population change, overcrowded housing and job competition have aroused racial and ethnic tensions.

Where allegedly the victims were executed with cold steel weapons. A patrol of 16 special operatives were coming back from a raid in a nearby village which they had raided a few hours earlier they looted and beat the villagers is what they said, this was done several times a week through 5 villages the patrol rout was always the same which the investigation after the massacre claimed that Albanian guerrillas had been monitoring the patrol for some weeks after they got complains by the ethnic Albanian villagers and had realised that the patrol was always the same rout and approximate times.

I. J. Gelb and E. A. Speiser believed Semitic Subarians had been the linguistic and ethnic substratum of northern Mesopotamia since earliest times, while Hurrians were merely late arrivals.

However, rifts within Australian society, right through history, whether by denial of rights to the indigenous people or, on the contrary, by way of feelings of victimisation by the settling communities, and in recent times, the effects of cultural identity and assimilation taken to the extreme in the form of riots, street violence and ethnic gangs on both, the settled and the migrant communities, pose major challenges to multiculturalism in the country.

The area, inhabited by Montagnard indigenous people, had been largely allowed local autonomy in previous times, and the locals distrusted ethnic Vietnamese.

At various times the practice also affected other ethnic groups, including Latinos, Asians, and Jews.

About 42 African ethnic groups live in this country ; these various groups settled in Benin at different times and also migrated within the country.

No plebiscite was planned for Southern Schleswig, as it was dominated by an ethnic German majority and, in accordance with prevailing sentiment of the times, remained part of the post-war German state.

The new, 1994 English title, included the then neologism " ethnic cleansing ", massively used at these times relating to the crimes committed by Serbs in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina of 1990s.

' In Roman times, this was situated in variously Celtic and Germanic territory, being West of the Rhine and subject under to various tribal groups often with mixed ethnic definitions.

Many Little Italys, Chinatowns ( or Koreatowns and Japantowns ) and other ethnic neighbourhoods have become more middle-class in recent times, dominated by successful restaurant owners, family-owned stores and businessmen able to start up their own companies.

Before modern times, the ethnic balance of Hunedoara was more diverse, as was the case elsewhere in the region.

* " Primordialism ", holds that ethnicity has existed at all times of human history and that modern ethnic groups have historical continuity into the far past.

* " Perennialism " holds that ethnicity is ever changing, and that while the concept of ethnicity has existed at all times, ethnic groups are generally short lived before the ethnic boundaries realign in new patterns.

The term has been subsequently extended to refer to certain similar attacks against Jews in other times and places, and to certain attacks against other ethnic or religious groups.

Diverse ethnic groups have suffered from these targeted riots at various times and in different countries.

These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past.