Through successive evaporation of material, layers of atoms are removed from a specimen, allowing for probing not only of the surface, but also through the material itself.

Since 1953 however, AES has become a practical and straightforward characterization technique for probing chemical and compositional surface environments and has found applications in metallurgy, gas-phase chemistry, and throughout the microelectronics industry.

* The waders ( or " Charadrii "): typical shorebirds, most of which feed by probing in the mud or picking items off the surface in both coastal and freshwater environments.

Experiments probing the reactivity of copernicium have focused on the adsorption of atoms of element 112 onto a gold surface held at varying temperatures, in order to calculate an adsorption enthalpy.

However, in the 1980s, German and Italian survey groups led by Dr. Michael Jansen and Dr. Maurizio Tosi used less invasive archeological techniques, such as architectural documentation, surface surveys and localized probing, to gather further information about Mohenjo-daro.

He also claimed to have invented a " micro-stetho-deeposcope "-supposedly a high-tech instrument for probing deeply below the earth's surface, but which actually turned out to be a piece of broken mirror tied to a chair leg.

This species feeds by probing soft mud for small invertebrates and by picking small crabs and similar prey off the surface.

It appears to be able to telepathically contact normals, probing their minds and drawing them to the planet.

Its shape shifting and probing abilities also resemble those of the planetary creature in Stanislaw Lem's Solaris.

Modern developmental biology is extensively probing the molecular basis for every type of organogenesis, including angiogenesis ( formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones ), chondrogenesis ( cartilage ), myogenesis ( muscle ), osteogenesis ( bone ), and many others.

* Analysis consists of statistically probing, manipulating and generalising from the dataset.

Bond, in his various incarnations, flippantly beat up on the Russians, but there were also more serious, probing works like The Spy Who Came in from the Cold which also emerged from the Cold War.

The Roman workforce, consisting of 6000 Jewish prisoners of war, started digging wide trenches from both sides, while a third group at the ridge drilled deep shafts for probing the quality of the rock ( which were reused in 1881 for the same purpose ).

All ibises are diurnal ; spending the day feeding on a wide range of invertebrates and small vertebrates: ibises by probing in soft earth or mud, spoonbills by swinging the bill from side to side in shallow water.

Despite the commands issuing from the Führerbunker, by April 25 the Soviets had consolidated their investment of Berlin, and leading Soviet units were probing and penetrating the S-Bahn defensive ring.

Since then, Rancière has departed from the path set by his teacher and published a series of works probing the concepts that make up our understanding of political discourse, such as ideology and proletariat.

A large fraction of experiments using synchrotron light involve probing the structure of matter from the sub-nanometer level of electronic structure to the micrometer and millimeter level important in medical imaging.

As the rainy season progressed, the Sui forces launched other small probing attacks, but held off from making any large moves before the end of the rainy season.

Scientists working with the Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument continued probing the layers of Earth's atmosphere and recorded data on tropospheric emissions from Mexican and Central American volcanoes ; sulfur dioxide from industrial by-products in the troposphere above China and Japan ; and observations in the mesophere above the Mexican volcano Colima.

Crystal Williams, Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association stated " Not only is accepting the documents all the law required to do, but there's a counterbalancing anti-discrimination law that keeps her from probing further or demanding different documents.

Petrov made probing runs down his favoured left flank, wreaking havoc among the Hammers's defence, and never shying away from trying powerful long range shots at goal with his trademark left foot.

* 2009: St. Petersburg Times Staff, " for “ PolitiFact ,” its fact-checking initiative during the 2008 presidential campaign that used probing reporters and the power of the World Wide Web to examine more than 750 political claims, separating rhetoric from truth to enlighten voters.

During this time, fighter controllers from Boulmer routinely detected Soviet aircraft probing the UK Air Defence Region and scrambled Quick Reaction Alert aircraft to intercept them before they reached UK airspace.

The switch ( which is a Modesitt trademark ) from a pro-Recluce viewpoint to one inside the heretofore vilified Hamorian empire provides a probing look at prejudice, and also lays bare the conflict and corruption within the Recluce society and organizations at that time.

PolitiFact. com was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2009 for " its fact-checking initiative during the 2008 presidential campaign that used probing reporters and the power of the World Wide Web to examine more than 750 political claims, separating rhetoric from truth to enlighten voters.

Information from captured Federal soldiers was so misleading and two Federal probing attacks from Cheat Summit Fort were so aggressive that Rust and Anderson, each leading approximately 1500 Confederates at Cheat Mountain, were convinced that an overwhelming force confronted them.

* The Creative Process A Q & A with a wide range of creative people — from writers to business entrepreneurs and beyond — probing how they do that thing they do.

The insightful and often probing style of the interviewer, former politician John Freeman, separated it from other programmes of the time.

There was much opportunity for action as small naval launches under junior officers were sent out for weeks at a time to patrol the coast, probing the estuaries and creeks where Arab slavers hid with their cargoes of young women and children, seized from coastal regions in Portuguese East Africa.

In this context, there is a conscious assumption of a public duty to society and an undertaking to train individuals who would serve as role-models and standards of reference, based on the human being as the source of intellectual probing and academic research.

These methods allow the researcher to try to qualify their understanding during the research process through further probing questions.

This stands as a testing ground for research on various consumer segments through an experiential research methodology that is far superior to traditional questionnaire based methods of conducting market research in terms of probing into psychological factors of consumer behaviour.

* Ionospheric research using ground based radio propagation techniques such as ionosonde, VLF / HF / VHF radio probing, a chain of magnetometer stations etc.

The second wall, surprisingly outside the first, encircles an area of 200 hectares and was the subject of research beginning in 1992 for initial probing.

An extension of this research resulted in development of DNA-based stable-isotope probing, which allows examination of links between metabolic function and taxonomic identity of microorganisms in the environment, without the need for culture isolation.

The tragedy is particularly noted for its probing observations on the nature of human suffering and kinship.

In 1908, Münsterberg published his controversial book, On the Witness Stand ( 1908 ) which is a collection of magazine articles previously published by him where he discuses the many different psychological factors that can change a trial's outcome and pointed the way for rational and scientific means for probing the facts claimed by human witnesses by the application of experimental psychology to the administration of law.

He wrote in a letter to a friend, " The flies of Surrey are more muscular, and have a still greater propensity for probing human flesh.

"< ref > Bloody Disgusting ranked the film fifth in its list of the twenty best horror films of the 2000s, writing, " Session 9 isn't just a cheap, hack ' n ' slash, instantly-forgettable type horror film, but a psychologically probing, deeply unsettling journey off the edge and into the abyss of the human mind.

" Boucher and McComas praised it for " its crystal-clear prose, its intense human warmth and its depth of psychological probing " as well as its " adroit plotting and ceaseless surge of action ," finding it " one of the most impressive proofs yet of the possibility of science fiction as a part of mainstream literature.

Zanetti was working for " Project Otherside ," a secret sub-Arctic nuclear reactor where scientists are probing other dimensions.