In such a configuration, it could run under another multitasker like DESQview, which used the 286 protected mode.

Windows / 386 2. 1 had a protected mode kernel with LIM-standard EMS emulation, the predecessor to XMS which would finally change the topology of IBM PC computing.

All Windows and DOS-based applications at the time were real mode, running over the protected mode kernel by using the virtual 8086 mode, which was new with the 80386 processor.

PCs had improved graphics by this time, due to VGA video cards, and the protected / enhanced mode allowed Windows applications to use more memory in a more painless manner than their DOS counterparts could.

This was the first version to run Windows programs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows / 386.

OS / 2 would take full advantage of the aforementioned protected mode of the Intel 80286 processor and up to 16 MB of memory.

An interesting feature of this processor is that it was the first x86 processor with protected mode.

The MMU and protection mechanisms are enabled only in case of protected mode ( except for the segment overrun protection ) keeping them disabled in real mode of operation.

Several additional instructions were introduced in protected mode of 80286, which are helpful for multitasking operating systems.

By design, the 286 could not revert from protected mode to the basic 8086-compatible " real mode " without a hardware-initiated reset.

In theory, real-mode applications could be directly executed in 16-bit protected mode if certain rules were followed ; however, as many DOS programs broke those rules, protected mode was not widely used until the appearance of its successor, the 32-bit Intel 80386, which was designed to go back and forth between modes easily.

When Intel designed the 286, it was not designed to be able to multitask real-mode applications ; real mode was intended to be a simple way for a bootstrap loader to prepare the system and then switch to protected mode.

Virtual memory systems usually include protected memory, but this is not always the case.

Use of protected memory greatly enhances both the reliability and security of a computer system.

Without protected memory, it is possible that a bug in one program will alter the memory used by another program.

( The DOS could utilize the additional RAM available in the protected mode — extended memory either via BIOS call ( INT 15h, AH = 87h ), or as RAM disk, or as emulation of expanded memory.

The protected mode which debuted in the 286 was extended to allow the 386 to address up to 4 GB of memory.

Just like the 80386, the 32-bit address bus of the 80486 enabled up to 4 gigabytes of memory to be directly addressed using a flat memory model with 32-bit linear addresses in protected mode.

Until release 2. 0 in April 1992, OS / 2 ran in 16-bit protected mode and therefore could not benefit from the Intel 80386's much simpler 32-bit flat memory model and virtual 8086 mode features.

Virtual memory was introduced to the x86 architecture with the protected mode of the Intel 80286 processor, but its segment swapping technique scaled poorly to larger segment sizes.

As such, it could not operate in 80286 protected mode or perform 16-bit memory or I / O transfers in one bus cycle, but it did benefit from the higher speed of the 80286 and its other added instructions in real mode.

For example, the program might have tried to use an instruction not available on the current version of the CPU or attempted to access unavailable or protected memory.

; Linear framebuffer access: Enables direct framebuffer access in protected mode as one large area of memory instead of less efficient smaller chunks.

However, one development of these talks was the inclusion of two dual memory areas, allowing all programs to be divided into a protected ( exec in DEC-speak ) portion and a user portion.

The 286 architecture introduced protected mode, allowing for ( among other things ) hardware-level memory protection.

From protected mode, the processor's state is saved in memory, then the processor is reset, restarts in real mode, and executes some real mode code to restore the saved state from memory.

* A strong protection model that uses the virtual memory hardware and the S / 360 and S / 370 hardware's supervisor and problem states and via software divides problem state execution into system ( privileged or unprotected ) and user ( protected or unprivileged ) modes.

Three segments in protected mode memory ( click on image to enlarge ), with the local descriptor table.

The heart, which was regarded as the aspect of being which included intelligence and memory, was also protected with spells, and in case anything happened to the physical heart, it was common to bury jewelled heart scarabs with a body to provide a replacement.

* The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed October 4, 1991 and entered into force January 14, 1998 ; this agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas.

Gray whales are protected under Canada's Species at Risk Act which obligates Canadian governments to prepare management plans for the whales and consider the interests of the whales when permitting development.

Xeer is defined by a few fundamental tenets that are immutable and which closely approximate the principle of jus cogens in international law: These precepts include: a ) payment of blood money ( locally referred to as diya ) for libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as supplying assistance to relatives ; b ) assuring good inter-clan relations by treating women justly, negotiating with " peace emissaries " in good faith, and sparing the lives of socially protected groups " Birr Magaydo ," ( e. g. children, women, the pious, poets, messengers, sheikhs, and guests ); c ) family obligations such as the payment of dowry, and sanctions for eloping ; d ) rules pertaining to the management of resources such as the use of pasture land, water, and other natural resources ; e ) providing financial support to married female relatives and newlyweds ; f ) donating livestock and other assets to the poor.

In Canada, eight percent of the taiga is protected from development, the provincial government allows forest management to occur on Crown land under rigorous constraints.

Tourism carrying capacity is a now antiquated approach to managing visitors in protected areas and national parks which evolved out of the fields of range, habitat and wildlife management.

Breeden actively involved himself in the management of the company, and prepared a report for Rakoff, titled Restoring Trust, in which he proposed extensive corporate governance reforms, as part of an effort to " cast the new MCI into what he hoped would become a model of how shareholders should be protected and how companies should be run.

Each state and territory is responsible for the management of the state and territory protected areas under its jurisdiction.

The following historic shipwrecks lie within protected or no-entry zones declared under the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 for protection and management purposes.

In 2005 / 6 it was further protected by a coastal management scheme which includes beach nourishment, new groynes on the south side of the pier and riprap to the north.

Marine protected areas ( MPAs ) have become increasingly prominent for reef management.

Nowadays, officially more than 10 percent of the world is legally protected in some way or the other, and in practice private fundraising is insufficient to pay for the effective management of so much land with protective status.

Annual updates on each of these analyses are made in order to make comparisons to the Millenium Development Goals and several other fields of analysis are expected to be introduced in the monitoring of protected areas management effectiveness, such as freshwater and marine or coastal studies which are currently underway, and islands and drylands which are currently in planning.

Through its World Commission on Protected Areas ( WCPA ), IUCN have developed six Protected Area Management Categories that define protected areas according to their management objectives which are internationally recognised by various national governments and the United Nations.

The categories provide international standards for defining protected areas and encourage conservation planning according to their management aims.

IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas ( WCPA ): WCPA's mission is to promote the establishment and effective management of a world-wide representative network of terrestrial and marine protected areas.

The river is bordered by swampy lands, and several areas around it are protected as wildlife management areas.

This list of protected areas of Ohio includes national forest lands, Army Corps of Engineers areas, state parks, state forests, state nature preserves, state wildlife management areas, and other areas.

This agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna, and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas.

The Act also authorized presidents to proclaim " historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest " as national monuments, " the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.

But management of a wilderness area needs more than just information on the species to be protected.

Creation of new contents using the managed ( protected ) ones is also another issue which will get the protected contents out of management controlling systems.

Hugely popular with Atlantic fishermen and with departmental staff, LeBlanc was a key figure in Canada's imposition of a 200-mile fishing zone ; the establishment of a new fisheries licencing system ; the widespread use of quotas and zones that protected Canadian fishermen from overexpansion and competition from trawlers owned by large companies ; the owner-operator rule, requiring licence holders to operate vessels themselves ; the separate-fleet rule, preventing corporations from obtaining licences for an under-65-foot fleet ; and for creating an additional system of advisory committees that permitted fishermen a larger voice in fisheries management.

9237 established Mount Apo as a protected area under the category of natural park with an area of ; with two peripheral areas of and as buffer zones, provided for its management and for other purposes.