The first part of the book thus contains an extensive look at the history of psychological theories of learning and a minute re-interpretation of those concepts from the perspective of the paradigm of critical psychology, which focuses on intentional action situated in specific socio-historical / cultural contexts.

His psychological theories pertain to education as they focus on the development of object teaching, that is, he felt that individuals best learned through experiences and through a direct manipulation and experience of objects.

Lacan's theories influenced literary criticism of Hamlet because of his alternative vision of the play and his use of semantics to explore the play's psychological landscape.

The Horned God has been explored within several psychological theories, and has become a recurrent theme in fantasy literature.

The growing application of cognitive and behavioral psychological theories and concepts to the explanation of hypnosis paved the way for a closer integration of hypnotherapy with various cognitive and behavioral therapies.

The ideas on the zone of development were later developed in a number of psychological and educational theories and practices.

Among the prevailing types of theories that attempt to account for the existence of love there are: psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider love to be very healthy behavior ; there are evolutionary theories which hold that love is part of the process of natural selection ; there are spiritual theories which may, for instance consider love to be a gift from God ; there are also theories that consider love to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a mystical experience.

Medical psychologists apply psychological theories, scientific psychological findings, and techniques of psychotherapy, behavior modification, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and life-style therapy to improve the psychological and physical health of the patient.

By considering NRM members innocent " victims " of psychological coercion these theories open the door for psychological treatments.

Evolutionary psychology theories argue that humans have evolved a highly developed set of psychological mechanisms for dealing with politics.

Others have dismissed deMause's theories and motives arguing that the emphasis given by Psychohistory to speculation on the psychological motivations of people in history make it an undisciplined field of study.

The prevailing types of theories attempting to account for the existence of humour include psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider humour-induced behaviour to be very healthy ; spiritual theories, which may, for instance, consider humour to be a " gift from God "; and theories which consider humour to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a mystical experience.

From the late 1980s, sociological and psychological theories have been connected with the term socialization.

The theories often say that psychological pressure develops in more densely developed, unadorned areas.

Allen's work takes a psychological perspective that combines evolutionary theories with Gestalt psychology.

Peirce's efforts may also have been hampered by a difficult personality ; Brent conjectures as to further psychological difficulty.

Chauvinism is also seen as an influential factor in some psychological personality tests, such as the TAT.

The psychological trauma of the experience transforms his personality and he enters an altered state of consciousness, rethinking his life and becoming preoccupied with existential questions of life and death.

* Psychological causes: performance anxiety, stress, mental disorders ( clinical depression, schizophrenia, substance abuse, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, personality disorders or traits ), psychological problems, negative feelings.

Biologically, levels of hormones such as testosterone are believed to affect sex drive ; social factors, such as work and family, also have an impact ; as do internal psychological factors, like personality and stress.

There have been various attempts to correlate human physique with psychological traits such as intelligence, criminality and personality type, many of which proved themselves mistaken and are now obsolete.

The modern meaning, " the treatment of disorders of the mind or personality by psychological or psychophysiological methods ", was first used in 1892 by Frederik van Eeden translating " Suggestive Psycho-therapy " for his French " Psychothérapie Suggestive ".

Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational measurement.

In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal or clinical psychology.

The model is an older and more theoretical approach to personality, accepting extroversion and introversion as basic psychological orientations in connection with two pairs of psychological functions:

In an 1848 accident, a large iron rod was driven through Gage's head, and his personality apparently changed as a result, although descriptions of these psychological changes are usually exaggerated.

Later Jung would emphasise the importance of the persistence of memory and ego in psychological study of reincarnation ; " This concept of rebirth necessarily implies the continuity of personality ... ( that ) one is able, at least potentially, to remember that one has lived through previous existences, and that these existences were one's own ...".

In his portraits he employ psychological realism to reveal the sitter's personality.

In many cases, it has been found that genes make a substantial contribution, including psychological traits such as intelligence and personality.

This theory states that a child ’ s adult personality is determined by childhood and adolescent peer groups outside of the home environment and that “ parental behaviors have no effect on the psychological characteristics their children will have as adults .” Harris proposes this theory based on behavioral genetics, sociological views of group processes, context-specific learning, and evolutionary theory.

" Neurosis should not be mistaken for psychosis, which refers to loss of touch with reality, or neuroticism, a fundamental personality trait according to psychological theory.

There are various other psychological issues that may factor into eating disorders, some fulfill the criteria for a separate Axis I diagnosis or a personality disorder which is coded Axis II and thus are considered comorbid to the diagnosed eating disorder.

A company takes a writing sample provided by an applicant, and proceeds to do a personality profile, matching the congruency of the applicant with the ideal psychological profile of employees in the position .< ref >

In particular, Robinson speculates on the psychological effects of ultra-longevity including memory loss, personality change, mental instability, and existential boredom.

His aloof personality enforces this ostracism and also subverts his relationships with others, but in time is becomes clear that Duval is struggling with his own psychological issues perhaps more than anyone else from the expedition.

Psychiatric and personality disorders are common in individuals who self-harm and as a result self-harm may be an indicator of depression and / or other psychological problems.

According to Jungian psychology, individuation is a process of psychological integration, having for its goal the development of the individual personality.

Schoen shares a significant background and personality traits with Friedman, including being one of the top cryptanalysts of the U. S. Army, breaking Japanese codes prior to Japan's involvement in World War II, and the psychological problems that he suffered from as a result.

Cognitive psychology is one of the more recent additions to psychological research, having only developed as a separate area within the discipline since the late 1950s and early 1960s following the " cognitive revolution " initiated by Noam Chomsky's 1959 critique of behaviorism and empiricism more generally.

In 1974, Theodore Barber and his colleagues published an influential review of the research which argued, following the earlier social psychology of Theodore R. Sarbin, that hypnotism was better understood not as a " special state " but as the result of normal psychological variables, such as active imagination, expectation, appropriate attitudes, and motivation.

However, following the third volume, Mahfouz shifted his interest to the present, the psychological impact of the social change on ordinary people.

Cultural universals such as emotion and the relative resilience of psychological adaptation to accidental biological changes ( for instance the David Reimer case of gender reassignment following an accident ) also support basic biological mechanisms in the mind.

Victims may experience the following psychological reactions:

Despite this setback ( whose victims later created numerous doubts and psychological strife in Mazzini ), he organized another uprising for the following year.

Sigmund Freud pursued a deep interest in psychosomatic illnesses following his correspondence with Georg Groddeck who was, at the time, researching the possibility of treating physical disorders through psychological processes.

Pregnant, and now a widow after barely six months of marriage, she miscarried the following day, reportedly due to “ psychological trauma ”.

In the days following Germany's defeat in World War II, at the age of 12, Hannelore Kohl was raped by Red Army soldiers and subsequently “ thrown out of a window like a sack of potatoes by the Russians .” In addition to the obvious psychological impact, the attacks left her with a fractured vertebra and back pain for the rest of her life.

When his involvement with hypnosis waned as a result of failure to establish professional acceptance, he turned to the study of development spurred on by the birth of his two daughters, Marguerite and Armande ( born in 1885 and 1887, respectively ), calling Armande a subjectivist and Marguerite an objectivist, and developing the concepts of introspection and externospection in an anticipation of Carl Jung's psychological types. Ellenberger, p. 702-3 In the 21 year period following his shift in career interests, Binet " published more than 200 books, articles, and reviews in what now would be called experimental, developmental, educational, social, and differential psychology " ( Siegler, 1992 ).

Mitchum was photographed again by Musuraca in the Robert Wise psychological western Blood on the Moon the following year.

Hernán Godoy describes the psychological characteristics of the Chilean, and hence part of the Chilean national identity, with following words: roto, madness, sober, serious, prudent, sense of humor, great fear to the ridicule, servile, cruel, and lack of foresight, among other qualities.

* In Ernest Hemingway's short story A Way You'll Never Be, Captain Paravicini says to Nick, the protagonist who is suffering from psychological instability following a head wound, " I said it should have been trepanned.

A campfire is a fire lit at a campsite, to serve the following functions: light, warmth, a beacon, an insect and / or apex predator deterrent, to cook, and for a psychological sense of security.

Another example which garnered a large cult following is the 2001 psychological thriller Donnie Darko, which was originally slated for a direct-to-video release.

The redenomination was a purely psychological step that did not solve the fundamental economic problems faced by the Russian economy at the time, and the currency was devalued in August 1998 following the 1998 Russian financial crisis.

E. R. Punshon reviewed the novel in the February 6, 1936 issue of The Guardian when he said, " Some readers are drawn to the detective novel by the sheer interest of watching and perhaps anticipating the logical development of a given theme, others take their pleasure in following the swift succession of events in an exciting story, and yet others find themselves chiefly interested in the psychological reactions caused by crime impinging upon the routine of ordinary life.

Acculturation explains the process of cultural and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures.

In Britain, sociology was introduced into the medical curriculum following the Goodenough report in 1944: " In medicine, ‘ social explanations ’ of the aetiology of disease meant for some doctors a redirection of medical thought from the purely clinical and psychological criteria of illness.

Watts gained critical acclaim following her work in David Lynch's 2001 psychological thriller Mulholland Drive, starring alongside Justin Theroux and Laura Harring.

Erotophobia can also in some ( but not all ) individual cases, be a part of larger patterns of any of the following psychological problems — social phobia, avoidant personality disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or general social anxiety problems.

However, it was Siffredi's performances involving rough sex, anal sex and analingus, and his psychological intensity and athleticism, that earned him recognition and ultimately a cult following.

By common consent, the following branches are considered to be transpersonal psychological schools: various depth psychology approaches including Analytical psychology, based on Carl Jung, and the Archetypal psychology of James Hillman ; the spiritual psychology of Robert Sardello ; psychosynthesis founded by Roberto Assagioli ; Zen Transactional Psychotherapy created by Robert M. Anthony ; and the theories of Otto Rank, Abraham Maslow, Stanislav Grof, Timothy Leary, Ken Wilber, Michael Washburn and Charles Tart.

Stromer-Galley considered that the following characteristics of the online conversation free people from the psychological barriers that keep them from engaging in a face-to-face deliberation ; " an absence of non-verbal cues, which leads to a lowered sense of social presence, and a heightened sense of anonymity ".

To Titchener, there could be no valid psychological experiments outside of introspection, and he opened the section " Directions to Students " with the following definition: " A psychological experiment consists of an introspection or a series of introspections made under standard conditions.