In an elastic catenary, the chain is replaced by a spring which can stretch in response to tension.

Apart from the usual advantages of modular software with well-defined interfaces, the three-tier architecture is intended to allow any of the three tiers to be upgraded or replaced independently in response to changes in requirements or technology.

On 15 May 2009, in response to their parties opposition to a proposed referendum to allow the President to seek a third term, the three members of RDP-Jama ' a and ANDP-Zaman Lahiya were replaced with ministers drawn from the MNSD-Nassara.

In response to the cooler, seasonal climate, tropical plant species gave way to deciduous ones and grasslands replaced many forests.

In an equivalent baseband model of a communication system, the modulated signal is replaced by a complex valued equivalent baseband signal with carrier frequency of 0 hertz, and the RF channel is replaced by an equivalent baseband channel model where the frequency response is transferred to baseband frequencies.

Nevertheless, Bourbon's action brought a very negative response from Spain, and for his incompetence Bourbon was soon replaced by Cardinal Andre Hercule de Fleury, the young king's tutor, in 1726.

At this time, his proof that white light was a combination of primary colours ( found via prismatics ) replaced the prevailing theory of colours and received an overwhelmingly favourable response, and occasioned bitter disputes with Robert Hooke and others, which forced him to sharpen his ideas to the point where he already composed sections of his later book Opticks by the 1670s in response.

In response to largely peaceful mass demonstrations and crippling general strikes, Ratsiraka replaced his prime minister in August 1991 but suffered an irreparable setback soon thereafter when his troops fired on peaceful demonstrators marching on Iavoloha, the suburban presidential palace, killing more than 30.

Once the desired response has been achieved, it should be discontinued and replaced with emollients as maintenance therapy.

This fire tower replaced a series of observation buildings, the original being a flimsy lookout stand built in 1870 on the same site, built in response to a series of devastating fires: April 1869, November 1869, October 1871, August 1872 and January 1874 that swept through the early mining camp.

After several months with no response from Bonanno, they removed him from power and replaced him with one of his capos, Gaspar DiGregorio.

In response to increased demand for jeans in the 1950s, American denim manufacturers replaced the old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms.

* Separately from any authorization, FEMA may also mission assign USACE for flood emergency response under the National Response Framework, which replaced the National Response Plan in 2008.

During the Easter season, the " Asperges me ..." verse is replaced by the " Vidi aquam ..." verse, and " Alleluia " is added to the " Ostende nobis ..." verse and to its response.

R-7 density, 6-story height limit on new buildings, suggested average apartment size of two bedrooms ( this was a response to the fact that between 1960 and 1970 developers had torn down 2, 300 family-sized units and replaced them with 1, 500 smaller units ).

In 1984, in response to public complaints regarding the severity of horror elements in PG-rated titles such as Gremlins and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, the PG-13 rating was created as a middle tier between PG and R. In 1990, the X rating was replaced by NC-17, partly because the X rating was not trademarked by the MPAA, whereas pornographic bookstores and theaters were using their own X and XXX symbols to market products.

In the response of Karl Marx to Hegel, those poles of idealism ( spiritual ignorance and self-understanding ) are replaced with categories of materialism, wherein, for Man, spiritual ignorance becomes “ alienation ” and self-understanding becomes the “ realisation of his species-being ”; thus, the transcendent end of history results in the human triumph over alienation, and the establishment of an objectively better society.

Ite missa est is replaced with Requiescant in pace ( May they rest in peace ); the " Deo gratias " response is replaced with " Amen ".

A joint response code of " NZ European or Pakeha " was tried in the 1996 census, but was replaced by " New Zealand European " in later censuses because it drew what Statistics New Zealand described as a " significant adverse reaction from some respondents ".

At the 1934 London Motor Show the Minor was replaced by the Morris Eight, a direct response to the Ford Model Y and, though Leonard Lord's handiwork, heavily based on it.

In 1972, Juche replaced Marxism-Leninism in the revised North Korean constitution as the official state ideology, this being a response to the Sino-Soviet split.

Only what else was she singing but the old Song of Songs, that most ancient of tunes that nature plays with such unfailing response upon young nerves??

The only response we can think of is the humble one that at least we aren't playing the marimba with our shoes in the United Nations, but perhaps the heavy domes in the house of delegates can improve on this feeble effort.

As early as 1913 Ghoreyeb and Karsner demonstrated with perfusion studies in dogs that bronchial artery flow would remain constant at a certain low level when pressure was maintained in the pulmonary artery and vein, but that increases in bronchial artery flow would occur in response to a relative drop in pulmonary artery pressure.

Then in 1875, apparently in response to the nationalizing influence of the Civil War, Congress first gave the lower federal courts general authority -- concurrently with state tribunals -- to decide cases involving federal-right questions.

Old Mr. Pocket's frantic response to life imprisonment with a useless, social-climbing wife is to `` put his two hands into his disturbed hair '' and `` make an extraordinary effort to lift himself up by it '', whereas Joe Gargery endures the shrewish onslaughts of Mrs. Joe by apologetically drawing `` the back of his hand across and across his nose ''.

The restrained gyro-stabilized platform with reasonable response characteristics operates with an approximate equation of motion, neglecting transient effects, as follows: Af where U is a torque applied about the output axis of the controlling gyro.

The effect is that the platform returns from an off-level position at a rapid rate until it is nearly level, at which point the platform is controlled by a proportional servo with low enough frequency response so that the noise has little effect on the leveling process.

Although the particular form of conceptualization which popular imagination had made in response to the experience of spirit was undoubtedly defective, the raw experience itself which led to such excesses remains with us as vividly as ever.

In response, the American Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada answered that the actions had been undertaken after lengthy scriptural and theological reflection, legally in accordance with their own canons and constitutions and after extensive consultation with the provinces of the Communion.

As the body prepares to deal with a threat, blood pressure, heart rate, perspiration, blood flow to the major muscle groups are increased, while immune and digestive functions are inhibited ( the fight or flight response ).

Some historians define and minimize the Arian conflict as the exclusive construct of Arius and a handful of rogue bishops engaging in heresy ; but others recognize Arius as a defender of ' original ' Christianity, or as providing a conservative response against the politicization of Christianity seeking union with the Roman Empire.

The Dictionary of American Hymnology claims it is included in more than a thousand published hymnals, and recommends its use for " occasions of worship when we need to confess with joy that we are saved by God's grace alone ; as a hymn of response to forgiveness of sin or as an assurance of pardon ; as a confession of faith or after the sermon.

In response to a neighbor's complaint that his target shooting endangered her children, he replied, " If that should ever happen, ma-da-me, we should ourselves be happy to get new ones with you " ( though he was not at all inclined to engage with females in the manner implied ).

An immunogen is able to induce an immune response, whereas an antigen is able to combine with the products of an immune response once they are made.

Antigenicity is the ability to combine specifically with the final products of the immune response ( i. e. secreted antibodies and / or surface receptors on T-cells ).

What expands the qualities of further bodily response is a very subtle nod forward to counteract a common backward startle pattern, coupled with an upward movement of the head away from the body that lengthens the spine.

When one continues to operate with an open mind they will have a real sense of spontaneity rather than pre-planning a response.

* The origins of ` Pursuing Stacks ' This is an account of how ` Pursuing Stacks ' was written in response to a correspondence in English with Ronnie Brown and Tim Porter at Bangor, which continued until 1991.

The Parliament of Scotland was not happy with the Act of Settlement and, in response, passed the Act of Security in 1704, through which Scotland reserved the right to choose its own successor to Queen Anne.

Thus, ATP was a simple request / response exchange, with no need to set up or tear down connections.

This way, it could respond to duplicate requests with the same transaction ID by resending the same response data, without performing the actual operation again.