When Hobbes published the Leviathan in 1651, by contrast, dozens of texts were immediately written in response to it.

Rousseau's natural man significantly differs from, and is a response to, that of Hobbes ; Rousseau explicitly points this out at various points throughout his work.

This was partly in response to a perceived threat of losing Norfolk Island to the French and partly to establish an alternative food source for the new colony.

Brueys refused, in the belief that his squadron could provide essential support to the French army on shore, and called his captains aboard his 120-gun flagship Orient to discuss their response should Nelson discover the fleet in its anchorage.

In response to Libya's direct intervention, French and Zairian forces intervened to defend Habré, pushing Libyan and rebel forces north of the 16th parallel.

John Reeves, who wrote a Tory response to the French Revolution, is ignored.

Before the speech, US delegations met with Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, and French President Charles de Gaulle to brief them on the US intelligence and their proposed response.

Chiang Kai-shek threatened the French with war in response to maneuvering by the French and Ho Chi Minh's forces against each other, forcing them to come to a peace agreement.

In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the Suez Crisis.

While he volunteered for militia service in 1757 in response to French movements resulting in the Siege of Fort William Henry, his unit received word while en route that the fort had fallen, and turned back.

At this point, Emperor Menelik turned to France, offering a treaty of alliance ; the French response was to abandon the Emperor to secure Italian approval of the Treaty of Bardo which would secure French control of Tunisia.

In response, Army Group Upper Rhine ( Heeresgruppe Oberrhein ) group was formed to engage the advancing U. S. 7th Army ( under command of General Alexander Patch ) and French 1st Army ( led by General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny ) in the Alsace region along the west bank of the Rhine.

* 1941 – World War II: in response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the United States.

* 1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech in response to the dismissal of Jacques Necker France's finance minister the day before.

After due consideration, the French government has given a " positive response ".

He followed this with The Poverty of Philosophy ( 1847 ), a response to the French anarcho-socialist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's The Philosophy of Poverty and a critique of French socialist thought in general.

For a number of years French officials had been unsuccessful in dealing with the squalor of the growing Parisian slums, and Le Corbusier sought efficient ways to house large numbers of people in response to the urban housing crisis.

The French were reluctant to reduce their armaments without a guarantee of military help if they were attacked ; Poland and Czechoslovakia felt vulnerable to attack from the west and wanted the League's response to aggression against its members to be strengthened before they disarmed.

The Vichy French, in response to Berlin's request, sent the cruiser from Dakar, and two sloops, the fast Annamite and the slower, from Conakry, French Guinea, and Cotonou, Dahomey, respectively.

British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin heard Marshall's radio broadcast speech and immediately contacted French Foreign Minister Georges Bidault to begin preparing a quick European response to ( and acceptance of ) the offer.

The percentages given below add to more than 100 % because of dual responses ( e. g., " French and Canadian " response generates an entry both in the category " French Canadian " and in the category " Canadian ").

) Philosopher Simon Blackburn wrote a rejoinder to Stove, though a subsequent essay by Stove's protegee James Franklin's suggested that Blackburn's response actually " confirms Stove's central thesis that Darwinism can ' explain ' anything.

It is not indicative of her latter work, being " basically a New York School attempt to write verse in response to the paintings of Rene Magritte ".

Descartes also wrote a response to scepticism about the existence of the external world.

Leibniz developed his theory of monads in response to both Descartes and Spinoza.

Descartes ' response to the accusations was that in that passage he had been expressly distinguishing between " the supremely good God, the source of truth, on the one hand, and the malicious demon on the other ".

In Meditation II, Descartes lays out a pattern of thought, sometimes called representationalism, in response to the doubts forwarded in Meditation I.

Descartes ’ response to these is often dismissive and curt.

The sardonic response of the humans is, " Oh, Jupiter, a robot Descartes!

A response may be that the argument in the Meditations on First Philosophy isn't that Descartes cannot doubt the existence of his mind, but rather that it is beyond doubt, such that no being with understanding could doubt it.

Descartes ' response to the accusations was that in that passage he had been expressly distinguishing between " the supremely good God, the source of truth, on the one hand, and the malicious demon on the other ".

The approach was a response to the " ideal system " that began with Descartes ' concept of the limitations of sense experience and led Locke and Hume to a skepticism that called religion and the evidence of the senses equally into question.

The famous philosopher René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ) speculated that every activity of an animal was a necessary reaction to some external stimulus ; the connection between the stimulus and the response was made through a definite nervous path.

Descartes ' own response to this criticism, in his " Author's Replies to the Second Set of Objections ", is first to give what has become known as the Memory response ; he points out that in the fifth Meditation ( at AT VII 69 – 70 ) he did not say that he needed God to guarantee the truth of his clear and distinct ideas, only to guarantee his memory:

When an English fleet attacked Cadiz in 1596, his allegedly slow response was blamed for giving the English enough time to sack the city.

* 1990 – Gulf War: the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

* 1942 – Quit India Movement is launched in India against the British rule in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for swaraj or complete independence.

* 1919 – Gandhi organizes a day of " prayer and fasting " in response to the killing of Indian protesters in the Amritsar Massacre by the British.

* 1786 – Shays ' Rebellion, an armed uprising of Massachusetts farmers, begins in response to high debt and tax burdens.

To carry out its part of this response, the adrenal medulla receives input from the sympathetic nervous system through preganglionic fibers originating in the thoracic spinal cord from T5 – T11.

By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from 19 April Movement ( M-19 ), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana ( 1970 – 1974 ) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas.

The Virgilio Barco ( 1986 – 1990 ) administration, in addition to continuing to handle the difficulties of the complex negotiations with the guerrillas, also inherited a particularly chaotic confrontation against the drug lords, who were engaged in a campaign of terrorism and murder in response to government moves in favor of their extradition overseas.

* If the Venerable was not a martyr – all non-martyrs are " confessors " as they " confessed " or bore witness to their faith by how they lived their lives – it must be proven that a miracle has taken place by his or her intercession: that is, that God has shown a sign that the person is enjoying the Beatific Vision by God performing a miracle in response to the Blessed's prayers.

Then-Bengals defensive coordinator Dick LeBeau ( who would later be the team's head coach from 2000 – 2002 ) created the zone blitz in the 1980s in response to the West Coast Offense.

A rigid belief in laissez-faire guided the government response in 1846 – 1849 to the Great Famine in Ireland, during which an estimated 1. 5 million people died.

move seemingly had a strictly personal political motive – that is, fear and jealousy of his cousin Ptolemy – and thus the expansion was not set about in response to pressing military or economic needs.

When in AD 451, Emperor Marcianus attempted to heal divisions in the Church, the response of Pope Dioscorus – the Pope of Alexandria who was later exiled – was that the emperor should not intervene in the affairs of the Church.

Coming from this phenomenological perspective on culturally mediated and socially situated action, Holzkamp launched a devastating and original methodological attack on behaviorism ( which he termed S – R ( stimulus – response ) psychology ) based on linguistic analysis, showing in minute detail the rhetorical patterns by which this approach to psychology creates the illusion of " scientific objectivity " while at the same time losing relevance for understanding culturally situated, intentional human actions.

During the game, players describe their PC's intended actions, such as punching an opponent or picking a lock, and converse with the DM in character – who then describes the result or response.

The structure was re-striped to accommodate six lanes on October 18, 1989 in response to the temporary closing of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge due to the Loma Prieta earthquake, and the permanent widening of the approaches was completed by July 2003.

* 1989 – Protests break out in Timişoara in response to an attempt by the government to evict dissident Hungarian pastor László Tőkés.

* 1947 – Jerusalem Riots of 1947: Riots break out in Jerusalem in response to the approval of the 1947 UN Partition Plan.

In response to the early-to-mid-17th century " continental rationalism " John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ) proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1689 ) a very influential view wherein the only knowledge humans can have is a posteriori, i. e., based upon experience.

* 1941 – February Strike: In occupied Amsterdam, a general strike is declared in response to increasing anti-Jewish measures instituted by the Nazis.

* 2004 – The city of San Francisco, California begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in response to a directive from Mayor Gavin Newsom.