Peter Gay places the zenith of deism " from the end of the 1690s, when the vehement response to John Toland's Christianity Not Mysterious ( 1696 ) started the deist debate, to the end of the 1740s when the tepid response to Conyers Middleton's Free Inquiry signalled its close.

It came to be used in the debate of the NATO countries in response to Willy Brandt's attempts to normalize relations with East Germany, and the following widespread scepticism in Germany against NATO's Dual-Track Decision.

The film sparked debate across the country, presenting mixed assessments on the role of the U. S. government and its response along with the controversy that normally arises when depicting recent, traumatic events.

Finally, because the free will response assumes a libertarian account of free will, the debate over its adequacy naturally widens into a debate concerning the nature and existence of free will.

Well known for his wit and sense of humor, one of Marshall's most enduring jokes came during a Senate debate in which, in response to Senator Joseph Bristow's catalog of the nation's needs, Marshall quipped the often-repeated phrase, " What this country needs is a really good five-cent cigar ", provoking laughter.

While many outpatient commitment laws have been passed in response to violent acts committed by people with mental illness, most proponents involved in the outpatient commitment debate base their arguments on the quality of life and cost associated with untreated mental illness and " revolving door patients " who experience a cycle of hospitalization, treatment and stabilization, release, and decompensation.

There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, as fever is part of the body's immune response to infection.

The poem was said to be a response to an ongoing debate on the question of whether poetry should be natural, or written according to predetermined artificial rules inherited from the classical past.

Although the clinical relevance of the fungal airway colonization is still a matter of debate, filamentous fungi may contribute to the local inflammatory response, and therefore to the progressive deterioration of the lung function, as often happens with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis ( ABPA ) – the most common fungal disease in the context of CF, involving a Th2-driven immune response to Aspergillus.

Fisk strongly condemned the September 11 attacks, describing them as a " hideous crime against humanity ," but he also denounced the Bush administration's response to the attacks, arguing that " a score of nations " were being identified and positioned as " haters of democracy " or " kernels of evil ," and urged a more honest debate on U. S. policy in the Middle East.

In the discussion leading up to the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) then-Vice President Al Gore mentioned the Smoot – Hawley tariff as a response to NAFTA objections voiced by Ross Perot during a debate in 1993 they had on The Larry King Show.

In response to this political threat and to growing popular calls for greater accountability within government, the king and the prime minister initiated an ongoing national debate on the constitutional and political future of Swaziland.

During a debate in Parliament on 2 March 1978 Michael Foot labelled Tebbit a " semi-house-trained polecat " in response to a question from Tebbit asking if he accepted that the legislation being proposed that made it compulsory for people to join a Trade Union was an act of Fascism.

NRA formed a legislative affairs division in response to debate concerning passage of the National Firearms Act in 1934.

This debate can be illustrated by the response to groups like the Earth Liberation Front and Animal Liberation Front, which use property destruction and sabotage as direct action tactics.

There continues to be vigorous debate within Kenyan society and among the academic community within and without Kenya regarding the nature of Mau Mau and its aims, as well as the response to and effects of the uprising.

" The debate over Linux vs Windows is missing, showing the origin of the OS only as a response to proprietary and expensive Sun and DEC software and hardware, and its growth solely due to the Apache web server.

* In 2006, in response to a candidate ( Ottón Solís ) who challenged him to a debate, Oscar Arias said: “ Eagles live on high and see from on high, and don ’ t bother to watch what the snails are doing ”, referring himself as an eagle and other the candidates as “ snails ”.

During a May 3, 2007, presidential debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Thompson said in response to a question from moderator Chris Matthews that a private employer opposed to homosexuality should have the right to fire a gay worker.

It has also campaigned against rendition flights, including introducing a debate in the Scottish Parliament over the issue, and against the lack of response from the UK government in Israel's war on Lebanon.

The series of seven debates in 1858 between Abraham Lincoln and Senator Stephen A. Douglas for U. S. Senate were true, face-to-face debates, with no moderator ; the candidates took it in turns to open each debate with a one-hour speech, then the other candidate had an hour and a half to rebut, and finally the first candidate closed the debate with a half-hour response.

* Armed Response Group ( see Authorised Firearms Officer ), a unit of police officers in British police forces who carry firearms and respond in armed response vehicles

In response, Abraham Foxman, National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, wrote about the JPFO, " Anti-Semitism has a long and painful history, and the linkage to gun control is a tactic by Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership to manipulate the fear of anti-Semitism toward their own end ...

Passed in response to public outcry over the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, the NFA requires certain types of firearms ( including but not limited to fully automatic firearms and short-barreled rifles and shotguns ) to be registered with the Miscellaneous Tax Unit ( later to be folded into what eventually became the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, or ATF ) which at the time was part of the Bureau of Internal Revenue ( ancestor of today's Internal Revenue Service ), with a $ 200 tax paid at the time of registration and again if the firearm was ever sold.

In response to the Government Paperwork Elimination Act ( GPEA ), Public L. No 105-277, signed in 1999, and based upon requests from the firearms industry, the ATF has developed the e-Form 4473 to assist in the proper completion of the Federal Firearms Transaction Record ( ATF Form 4473 ).

They commenced proceedings in the High Court in 1982, in response to the Queensland Amendment Act 1982 establishing a system of making land grants on trust for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders, which the Murray Islanders refused to accept.

After the war, and in response to Roosevelt being elected to third and fourth terms, the Twenty-second Amendment was adopted.

This section was also in response to the Black Codes that southern states had passed in the wake of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States.

However, in response to US threats to cut Japan's fishing quota in US territorial waters under the terms of the Packwood-Magnuson Amendment, Japan withdrew its objection in 1987.

In response to the rise of the Christian right, the 1980 Republican Party platform assumed a number of its positions, including dropping support for the Equal Rights Amendment and adding support for a restoration of school prayer ; abortion was also opposed.

In response to the anti-war movement, the U. S. Congress passed the Case-Church Amendment to prohibit further U. S. military intervention in Vietnam in June 1973 and reduced aid to South Vietnam in August 1974.

In response to this act of violence, the state introduced a second Public Safety Act, which introduced the death penalty and was widely unpopular with the public, and an Electoral Amendment Act which forced elected TDs to take the Oath of Allegiance.

" Zach Scruggs responded, " I invoke my Fifth Amendment rights in response to that question.

In response, the New Zealand Parliament introduced the Crimes ( Provocation Repeal ) Amendment Bill, which repealed Sections 169 and 170 of the Crimes Act 1961 and therefore abolishing the partial defence of provocation.

Penny Rimbaud performing with Last Amendment at The Vortex, Hackney, 30 November 2006 He also wrote Rocky Eyed, an extended poem attacking then prime minister Margaret Thatcher and her government following the 1982 Falklands War which was recorded as the Crass album Yes Sir, I Will, The Death of Imagination ( a ' musical drama in 4 parts '), The Diamond Signature ( published by AK Press ) and Oh America, a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks and America's subsequent War on Terror which includes the line Give us justice which is not the searing spite of revenge, peace which is not the product of war nor dependent upon it.

The National Association was created in response to a split in the American Equal Rights Association over whether the woman's movement should support the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution .< ref name = wheeler > Wheeler, Marjorie Spruil.

In response, NPR further stated that according to Gore, she " wasn't out to censor the objectionable material " and quoted her as stating that she is " a strong believer in the First Amendment " who is calling for greater " consumer information in the marketplace.

In response Christian Democrat MP Graeme Lee introduced a Flags, Anthems, Emblems, and Names Protection Amendment Bill.

In response to this criticism, Forbes promised in his 2000 campaign to exempt himself from the benefits of the flat tax, although he did support the repeal of the 16th Amendment in a debate with Alan Keyes the previous year.

It was passed in part as a response to the Supreme Court decisions Berger v. New York, 388 U. S. 41 ( 1967 ) and Katz v. United States, 389 U. S. 347 ( 1967 ), which the Church Committee Report on the FBI's COINTELPRO program described as holding " that the Fourth Amendment did apply to searches and seizures of conversations and protected all conversations of an individual as to which he had a reasonable expectation of privacy ".

In March 2004, Coughlan introduced the Social Welfare Amendment Act 2004 in response to a case involving same-sex partner benefits.

In Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC,, the U. S. Supreme Court upheld ( by a vote of 8-0 ) the constitutionality of the Fairness Doctrine in a case of an on-air personal attack, in response to challenges that the doctrine violated the First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution.

RFRA had been crafted as a direct response to the Supreme Court's decision in Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U. S. 872 ( 1990 ), wherein the Court had upheld — against a First Amendment challenge — an Oregon law criminalizing peyote use, which was used in Native American religious rituals.

In response, the AFL-CIO instituted a policy that no union official who had taken the Fifth Amendment during a corruption investigation could continue in a leadership position.

An amendment to the 1920 Census Act ( the Census ( Amendment ) Act 2000 ) was passed by Parliament to allow the question to be asked, and to allow the response to this question to be optional.

The Tenth Amendment was adopted in response to the ruling of the Supreme Court, in the case of Crotty v. An Taoiseach of the same year, that the constitution, as it stood, did not permit the state to ratify the Single European Act.

These investigations were led separately by Sam Ervin and Frank Church in 1978 as a response to President Richard Nixon ’ s usage of federal resources to spy on political and activist groups, which violates the Fourth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution .< ref >

Those supporting gun shows include gun clubs and their membership, especially the National Rifle Association, and their response has been massive because they feel their Second Amendment rights are being jeopardized.