On 18 October 1860, Elgin, not having received the Chinese surrender and wishing to spare Beijing itself, ordered the complete destruction of the Yuan Ming Yuan ( or Old Summer Palace ) outside Beijing in retaliation for the imprisonment, torture, and execution of almost twenty European and Indian prisoners ( including two British envoys and a journalist for The Times ).

In the 2nd leg, however, he was sent off shortly before half time for retaliation, as Kaiserslatern won 5 – 0 to inflict Real Madrid's worst ever result in European competition.

The European powers chose to react militarily to such exactions: the straits of Shimonoseki had already seen attacks on American, Dutch and French ships passing through, each of which had brought retaliation from those countries, with the U. S. frigate USS Wyoming under Captain McDougal, the Dutch warship Medusa under Kapitein de Casembroot, and the two French warships Tancrède and the Dupleix under Captain Benjamin Jaurès attacking the mainland.

The charter was signed in Stuttgart in 1950 and committed the organization to the renouncing of revenge and retaliation and promoting European accord.

Trade tensions with the European Economic Community ( EEC ) boiled over in 1962 with the first Chicken War, a trade dispute arising from the EEC's application of protective tariffs on poultry meat imported from the United States in retaliation for President Kennedy's imposition of a ceiling on textile imports and raising of tariffs on carpets, glass and bicycles.

Following the attacks on the eurozone by speculators in 2009-10, Spain proposed the EU enact the European Public Prosecutor provision so the post could co-ordinate legal action in retaliation.

In retaliation, the European colonists built fortresses and defended themselves from the frequent attacks.

* The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles were boycotted by the Soviet Union and most of the communist world ( China, Romania, and Yugoslavia participated in the games ) in retaliation for the boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.

In retaliation, the Soviet Union launched a major air offensive against Finnish airfields and towns, which resulted in a Finnish declaration of war against the Soviet Union on 25 June 1941.

The official nuclear policy of the United States was one of " massive retaliation ", as coined by President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, which called for massive attack against the Soviet Union if they were to invade Europe, regardless of whether it was a conventional or a nuclear attack.

The CIA failed to see that the firing was an action that would logically anger Howard, and in retaliation for his perceived unjust punishment for minor offenses, he later sold his knowledge of CIA operations to the Soviet Union.

In 1864, the city was burned to the ground by Union forces in retaliation for the sinking of the tinclad Union gunboat USS Queen City by forces under the command of Confederate Brigadier General Joseph O. Shelby.

Corydon was sacked in retaliation for Union looting in Kentucky.

In 1862 the city was the scene of the Palmyra Massacre, in which ten Confederate prisoners were killed in retaliation for the disappearance of a local Union man.

Congress commanded so little, and had so little power over the states of the Union and therefore over foreign policy, that other nations either ignored the young United States or ran roughshod over its interests with little fear of retaliation.

Early claimed that this action was in direct retaliation for Stevens ' perceived support of similar atrocities by the Union Army in the South.

After informing General Robert E. Lee and Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon of his intention to respond in kind, Mosby ordered seven Union prisoners, chosen by lot, to be executed in retaliation on November 6, 1864, at Rectortown, Virginia.

The Army received indirect support from such critics of massive retaliation as Bernard Brodie, William W. Kaufmann, and Henry A. Kissinger, who noted that the United States and the Soviet Union had or were acquiring the power to destroy each other with strategic nuclear weapons, thus precluding their rational use in response to a limited attack.

During the Cold War period, especially after the invasion of Hungary in 1956, the Soviet Union feared that its deposits in North American banks would be frozen as a retaliation.

" His wife was arrested and sentenced to five years of involuntary settlement in the Soviet Union, in retaliation.

It was feared that the Soviet Union could launch a nuclear strike against Western Europe with a reduced threat of nuclear retaliation ( i. e. compared to an attack on the continental United States ).

Ronald Reagan is credited with increasing spending on national defense and diplomacy which contributed to the end of the Cold War, deploying U. S. Pershing II missiles in West Germany in response to the Soviet stationing of SS-20 missiles near Europe, negotiating the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty ( INF ) to substantially reduce nuclear arms and initiating negotiations with the Soviet Union for the treaty that would later be known as START I, proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative, a controversial plan to develop a missile defense system, re-appointing monetarists Paul Volcker and ( later ) Alan Greenspan to be chairmen of the Federal Reserve, ending the high inflation that damaged the economy under his predecessors Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, lowering tax rates significantly ( under Reagan, the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70 % to 28 % in 7 years ) and leading a major reform of the tax system, providing arms and other support to anti-communist groups such as the Contras and the mujahideen, selling arms to foreign allies such as Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq ( see Iran – Iraq War ), greatly escalating the " war on drugs " with his policies and Nancy Reagan's " Just Say No " campaign, ordering the April 14, 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi in retaliation for an April 5 bombing of a West Berlin nightclub frequented by U. S. servicemen, in which the Libyan government was deemed complicit, and signing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 which compensated victims of the Japanese American Internment during World War II.

Moments after the Soviet attack is launched, the President of the United States receives a teleprinter message from his counterpart in the Soviet Union saying that they have determined that the first missile was launched by renegades and not by NATO ; the Premier tells the President that the Soviet Union will, without retaliation, accept a limited U. S. counterstrike comparable with the Soviet attack ( that is, killing between six and nine million people ).

Some scholars have argued that the PRC backed down in the face of American nuclear brinksmanship and in light of the lack of willingness by the Soviet Union to threaten nuclear retaliation for an attack on the PRC.

Offended by the decision, he left the party in retaliation, and joined the Pierferdinando Casini's Union of Christian and Centre Democrats party.

One plot was a planned burning of New York on November 25, 1864 in retaliation for Union Generals Philip Sheridan and William Tecumseh Sherman's scorched earth tactics in the south.

The murder was intended to look like retaliation by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, with which McCullough had close ties as well as the Roofer's Union as evidenced by usage of roofing nails.

The reason given is that this allowed him to hide his identity at a time when the Soviet Union still existed and there was the possibility of retaliation against friends and relatives.

In the Brunswick Manifesto, the Imperial and Prussian armies threatened retaliation on the French population if it were to resist their advance or the reinstatement of the monarchy.

Mervyn Paice and threatened to kill them in retaliation if the sentences were carried out.

If Israel's very existence is threatened, some speculate that she would use a " Samson Option ," a " last resort " deterrence strategy of massive retaliation with nuclear weapons, may be initiated should the state of Israel be substantially damaged and / or near destruction.

It has been claimed that Margaret Thatcher threatened nuclear retaliation against Argentina during the 1982 Falklands War.

In retaliation, the Pope excommunicated him and threatened to place the city under an interdict.

The world's first MIRV — US Minuteman III missile of 1970 — threatened to rapidly increase the US's deployable nuclear arsenal and thus the possibility that it would have enough bombs to destroy virtually all of the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons and negate any significant retaliation.

He spent the rest of the game on the bench after several Toronto players threatened retaliation against him.

Giuliani then claimed that he never made the statement and threatened the town with legal action in retaliation.

They were persuaded to come to his assistance when retaliation was threatened against their own homes.

Goldfinger threatened to sue Fleming over the use of the name and, in retaliation, Fleming threatened to add an erratum slip to the book changing the name from Goldfinger to Goldprick and explaining why ; the matter was settled out of court after the publishers, Jonathan Cape, agreed to ensure the name Auric was always used in conjunction with Goldfinger.

The dispute ended in 1976 after Iceland threatened to close a major NATO base in retaliation for Britain's deployment of naval vessels within the disputed 200 nautical mile ( 370 km ) limit.

On occasion, Black Handers threatened other gangsters and usually faced retaliation.

In retaliation, Anger called a press conference in which he ridiculed Page and threatened to " throw a Kenneth Anger curse " on him.

Santino then threatened Piper with retaliation, culminating in a confrontation with Piper during the May 16 episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live !.

However, the provisional leadership announced that he was faring badly, and threatened with more retaliation measures, to the point where the prison staff increased security as a means to prevent a potential break-in.

Black voter applicants were subjected to economic retaliation by the White Citizens ' Council, and threatened with physical violence by the Ku Klux Klan.

The all-white school board resisted fiercely, whites threatened black parents with economic retaliation if they did not withdraw their children, and by the first day of school the number of black children registered in the white schools had dropped to approximately 250.

Roxas alleged that in retaliation to his vocal campaign to reclaim the Buddha and the remainder of the treasure taken from him, Ferdinand continued to have Roxas threatened, beaten and eventually incarcerated for over a year.

The Indian government has threatened diplomatic retaliation unless they withdraw their allegations.

Its standing threatened by the New Look, the Army questioned the wisdom of reliance on " massive retaliation " and strategic air power to the neglect of other force elements.

A general strike was threatened in retaliation.

Nuclear deterrence can also be applied to an attack by conventional forces ; for example, the doctrine of massive retaliation threatened to launch US nuclear weapons in response to Soviet attacks.

" Lord Cochrane threatened to use his parliamentary vote against Gambier in retaliation for not committing the fleet to action.