Wood notes that Madison's ultimate contribution was not in designing any particular constitutional framework, but in shifting the debate toward a compromise of " shared sovereignty " between the national and state governments.

Owing to the shifting debate over time ( see " History and Controversy " below ), many school systems, such as California's, have made major changes in the method they have used to teach early reading.

Much of the debate over the future of Medicare revolves around whether per capita costs should be reduced by limiting payments to providers or by shifting more costs to Medicare enrollees.

Since then, several gravel banks have been found to the north, most notably Oodaaq, although there is debate as to whether Oodaaq or these other gravel banks should be considered for the record since they are rarely permanent, being regularly swallowed by the moving ice sheets, shifting, or becoming submerged in the ocean.

These shifting demographics encouraged a debate over whether CSU should be considered a predominantly African-American institution, akin to the HBCUs ( Historically Black Colleges and Universities ) or whether it should retain a multicultural and multiracial identity.

Yoav Peled ( 1992 ) sees Marx " shifting the debate over Jewish emancipation from the plane of theology ... to the plane of sociology ", thereby circumventing one of Bauer's main arguments.

The substantial progress being made in ballistic missile technology is rapidly shifting the main threat from manned bombers to missiles.

Jubal couldn't reconstruct the crime from the way the girls behaved because patterns kept shifting -- ABC vs D, then BCD vs A or AB vs CD, or AD vs CB, through all ways that four women can gang up on each other.

Abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category.

According to Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, during the shifting of offices that took place at the beginning of the new reigns, Alaric apparently hoped he would be promoted from a mere commander to the rank of general in one of the regular armies.

They were from hundreds of tribes across West Africa, and brought with them certain traits of West African music including call and response vocals and complex rhythmic music, as well as syncopated beats and shifting accents.

At that scale the coastline appears as a momentarily shifting, potentially infinitely long thread with a stochastic arrangement of bays and promontories formed from the small objects at hand.

It led to the system of Constitutional Monarchy, with further reforms shifting the balance of power from the monarchy and nobility to the House of Commons.

Not necessarily hostile to social liberalism, communitarianism rather has a different emphasis, shifting the focus of interest toward communities and societies and away from the individual.

Therefore I propose to the comrades that they devise a way of shifting Stalin from this position and appointing to it another man who in all other respects falls on the other side of the scale from Comrade Stalin, namely, more tolerant, more loyal, more polite and considerate of comrades, less capricious and so forth.

Later inscriptions show Ezana's growing attachment to Christianity, and Ezana's coins bear this out, shifting from a design with disc and crescent to a design with a cross.

Members of a particular faction in a legislature may use the power of the majority or supermajority ( passing criminal laws, defining the electoral mechanisms including eligibility and district boundaries ) to prevent the balance of power in the body from shifting to a rival faction due to an election.

Other reasons include: a ) changes in plant canopy caused by shifts in plant biomass production associated with moisture regime ; b ) changes in litter cover on the ground caused by changes in both plant residue decomposition rates driven by temperature and moisture dependent soil microbial activity as well as plant biomass production rates ; c ) changes in soil moisture due to shifting precipitation regimes and evapo-transpiration rates, which changes infiltration and runoff ratios ; d ) soil erodibility changes due to decrease in soil organic matter concentrations in soils that lead to a soil structure that is more susceptible to erosion and increased runoff due to increased soil surface sealing and crusting ; e ) a shift of winter precipitation from non-erosive snow to erosive rainfall due to increasing winter temperatures ; f ) melting of permafrost, which induces an erodible soil state from a previously non-erodible one ; and g ) shifts in land use made necessary to accommodate new climatic regimes.

Currently 102 countries are engaged in the programme and of these approximately 30 have begun shifting from pilot to national programmes.

To derive the value of the floating point number, one must multiply the significand by the base raised to the power of the exponent, equivalent to shifting the radix point from its implied position by a number of places equal to the value of the exponent — to the right if the exponent is positive or to the left if the exponent is negative.

1932 was not a good year for Republican candidates like LaGuardia, and the 20th Congressional district was shifting from a Jewish and Italian-American population to a Puerto Rican population.

Workers demanded food and a complete shifting of legislative power from the Russian Provisional Government | Russian government to the Parliament of Finland | Finnish parliament.

* Insurance is a method of shifting risk from one party to another.

Although a decision was yet to be reached, on 13 July 2007 EU countries discussed cutting € 548m ($ 755m, £ 370m ) from the union's competitiveness budget for the following year and shifting some of that cash to other parts of the financing pot, a move that could meet part of the cost of the union's Galileo satellite navigation system.

It has been argued that Roman Britain ’ s continental trade peaked in the late 1st century AD and thereafter declined as a result of an increasing reliance on local products by the population of Britain, caused by economic development on the island and by the Roman state ’ s desire to save money by shifting away from expensive long-distance imports.

At the point when money velocity and prices rapidly accelerate in a vicious circle, hyperinflation is out of control, because ordinary policy mechanisms, such as increasing reserve requirements, raising interest rates, or cutting government spending will be ineffective and be responded to by shifting away from the rapidly devalued money and towards other means of exchange.

The pilot is ensconced in a harness suspended from the airframe, and exercises control by shifting body weight in opposition to a control frame, but other devices, including modern aircraft flight control systems, may be used.

The Revolution brought about a massive shifting of powers from the Roman Catholic Church to the state.

The heapify function can be thought of as building a heap from the bottom up, successively shifting downward to establish the heap property.

Rieux is like a witness who exercises restraint when called to testify about a crime ; he describes what the characters said and did, without speculating about their thoughts and feelings, although he does offer generalized assessments of the shifting mood of the town as a whole.

The phrase " management is what managers do " occurs widely, suggesting the difficulty of defining management, the shifting nature of definitions and the connection of managerial practices with the existence of a managerial cadre or class.

Pelagic habitats are intrinsically shifting and ephemeral, depending on what ocean currents are doing.

Naturally this tendency is purely due to story conveniences ( or a somewhat haphazardly shifting patchwork pattern of authors ), and mainly that the fictional " continuity " has been maintained and expanded far beyond what Stan Lee and others originally planned or hoped for.

Hence, the passing of time was more discernible in the very early years, such as the graduation of Spider-Man ; and what started as children or teenaged characters, such as Kitty Pryde, Franklin Richards, Valeria Richards, Power Pack, or the New Mutants are all allowed to age at wildly shifting rates ( in the second case even backwards at times ), whereas surrounding characters somewhat dependent on a certain age limit do not change at all.

Psychoanalysts who have examined bereaved children have said that Magritte's back and forth play with reality and illusion reflects his " constant shifting back and forth from what he wishes —' mother is alive '— to what he knows —' mother is dead ' ".

Microware later started calling all of its operating systems — including what had been originally called OS-9000 — simply OS-9, and started shifting its business interest towards portable consumer device markets such as cellphones, car navigation, and multimedia.

The economy changed again after that, shifting to a more tourist-based variety and benefiting from resorts established by European Jewish immigrants and their descendants in what became called the Borscht Belt of the 20th century.

For existing unsynchronized tractors, the methods of circumvention are double clutching or power-shifting, both of which require the operator to rely on skill to speed-match the gears while shifting, and are undesirable from a risk-mitigation standpoint because of what can go wrong if the operator makes a mistake – transmission damage is possible, and loss of vehicle control can occur if the tractor is towing a heavy load either uphill or downhill – something that tractors often do.

In the context of shifting tribal politics due to the spread of horses and guns, the Niitsitapi initially tried to increase their trade with the HBC traders in Rupert's Land whilst blocking access to the HBC by neighboring peoples to the West, however the HBC trade eventually reached into what is now inland British Columbia.

This raises the question: if shifting cultivation did not lead to the disappearance of European forests, what did?

An economic study of what occurs at the points of conflict with specific reference to shifting cultivation is that of Esther Boserup ( 1965 ).

The settlers practice what appears to be shifting cultivation but which is in fact a one-cycle slash and burn followed by continuous cropping, with no intention to long fallow.

Access is typically defined within the limits of what a person sitting in a wheelchair is able to reach with arm movement only, with minimal shifting of the legs and torso.

A number of eMac machines have suffered from what was known as " Raster Shift ", a strange phenomenon where the bottom third or half of the screen goes black, with the rest of image shifting upward and out of the top boundary of the display.

While much of what transpired at GO was eclipsed by high-fliers of the dot com era that immediately followed GO's demise, the company was famous in its time for its longevity, its constantly shifting fortunes, the amount of money it spent, and the caliber of talent it attracted.

Applewhite and Nettles insisted that their followers practice what they referred to as " flexibility ": strict obedience to their often shifting requests.

While located in what traditionally has been considered Midwood, shifting neighborhood boundaries have caused at least part of the institution to be located in Flatbush.

Huan then asked him why the people of the Qin lands were not shifting their allegiance to Jin, and Wang pointed out that the people were not sure what Huan's intentions were, given that he hesitated at crossing the Ba River.

Also, at a time of shifting moral standards in the wake of the Sexual Revolution, Keller can only shake his head — only inwardly though — at the follies of middle-aged bourgeois people who think they can practise what today would be called a polyamorous relationship and get away with it unscathed.

In the early days, the competitors were shifting from unpaid amateur sports to what was deemed a professional sporting activity.

The reasons were many, but not entirely surprising for a major rewrite, in an OO language with new tools, shifting to a GUI paradigm, on what was essentially a first version operating system.