After the Second World War, surviving European monarchies almost invariably adopted some variant of the constitutional monarchy model originally developed in Britain.

In some cases, constitutional monarchies have been dubbed " crowned republics ".

The Emperor is not the ( ceremonial ) commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces as in some other monarchies.

In some monarchies there may be liberty for the incumbent, or some body convening after his or her demise, to choose from eligible members of the ruling house, often limited to legitimate descendants of the dynasty's founder.

Election usually is the constitutional way to choose the head of state of a republic, and some monarchies, either directly through popular election, indirectly by members of the legislature or of a special college of electors ( such as the Electoral College in the United States ), or as an exclusive prerogative.

In hereditary monarchies, the office is passed through inheritance within a family group, whereas elective monarchies are selected by some system of voting.

( For instance, in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are considered eligible, whereas many hereditary monarchies have legal requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental capacity, and other factors that act both as de facto elections and to create situations of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election.

The term " Reichstag " also remains in use in the German language as the term for the parliaments of some foreign monarchies, such as Sweden's Riksdag and Japan's pre-war Imperial Diet.

There are also elective monarchies where ultimate power is vested in a monarch, but the monarch is chosen by some manner of election.

By this definition, dictatorial states are not republics, whereas, according to some such as Kant, constitutional monarchies may be.

* substantively, the heirs apparent in some monarchies use a specific princely title associated with a territory within the monarch's realm, e. g. the Princes of, respectively, Asturias ( Spain ), Grão Pará ( Brazil, formerly ), Orange ( Netherlands ), Viana ( Navarre, formerly ), Wales ( UK ), etc.

The title is still in use in some constitutional monarchies and designates the acting head of state while the monarch is abroad.

Although the titles and distinctions of the Italian royal family are not legally recognised by the Republic of Italy, the remaining members of the House of Savoy, like dynasties of other abolished monarchies, still use some of the various titles they acquired over the millennium of their reign prior to the republic's establishment, including Duke of Savoy, Prince of Naples, Prince of Piedmont and Duke of Aosta.

Indeed some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium, where no coronation ever took place ; the royal installation is done by a solemn oath in parliament, wearing a military uniform: the King is not acknowledged as by divine right, but assumes the only hereditary public office in the service of the law ; so he in turn will swear in all members of " his " federal government.

The melody used is that of the national anthem of the UK, " God Save the Queen ", arranged by Thomas Arne and used by many Commonwealth realms and some other monarchies.

The position of hereditary constable persists in some current or former monarchies of Europe.

The tradition among Swedish regents is different to that of some other monarchies in that the motto is not the same for one dynasty, but is personal to the monarch.

All former monarchies had styles, some, as in the Bourbon monarchy of France, extremely complicated depending on the status of the office or office-holder.

In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies ( e. g. Holy Roman Empire ) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office.

While most realms have, in the documented past, calculated membership in the royal house as descending through the male line ( sometimes allowing females to inherit and sometimes not ), most European monarchies have now constitutionally eliminated preference in the line of succession to the throne for males ( Sweden, The Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark ), and some non-European royal families have contemplated doing so ( Japan, Thailand ).

His forecast of the form of government suitable to the modern world may be seen as prophetic: the largely ceremonial offices of president in some modern parliamentary democracies in Europe and e. g. Israel can be perceived as elected or appointed versions of Hegel's constitutional monarch ; the Russian and French presidents, with their stronger powers, may also be regarded in Hegelian terms as wielding powers suitable to the embodiment of the national will.

) While the monarch retains some powers from the constitution, most particular is lèse majesté which protects the image and ability of the monarch to play a role in politics and carries modest criminal penalties for violators.

When a monarch does act, political controversy can often ensue, partially because the neutrality of the crown is seen to be compromised in favour of a partisan goal, while some political scientists champion the idea of an " interventionist monarch " as a check against possible illegal action by politicians.

The fortunes of individuals, whether possessed by acquisition or by descent or in virtue of a participation in the goods of some community, were no part of the creditor's security, expressed or implied ... he public, whether represented by a monarch or by a senate, can pledge nothing but the public estate ; and it can have no public estate except in what it derives from a just and proportioned imposition upon the citizens at large.

If Emperor Keitai began a new dynasty as some historians believe, then Emperor Buretsu would have been the last monarch of the first recorded dynasty of Japan.

Besides, the author of Kings coordinated dates in the two kingdoms by giving the accession year of a monarch in terms of the year of the monarch of the other kingdom, ( e. g. ) though some commentators note that these dates do not synchronise.

In the Late Renaissance and Baroque the painting of actual history tended to degenerate into panoramic battle-scenes with the victorious monarch or general perched on a horse accompanied with his retinue, or formal scenes of ceremonies, although some artists managed to make a masterpiece from such unpromising material, as Velázquez did with his The Surrender of Breda.

As a symbol of rebellion against the Manchu monarch, he and a friend cut off their queue pigtails – a sign of subservience to the emperor – before forcibly cutting off those of some of their classmates too.

These motets typically set a Latin text in praise of a monarch, commemorating some public triumph, or even praising music itself.

In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.

In Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Papua New Guinea, and some other countries the monarch, or its representative, is given supreme executive power, but by convention acts only on the advice of his or her ministers.

George I of Great Britain ( reigned 1714 to 1727 ) was the first British monarch to delegate some executive powers to a Prime Minister and a cabinet of the ministers, largely because he was also the monarch of Hanover in Germany and did not speak English fluently.

Though the monarch retains all executive, legislative, and judicial power in and over Canada, the governor general is permitted to exercise most of this, including the Royal Prerogative, in the sovereign's name ; some as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867, and some through various letters patent issued over the decades, particularly those from 1947 that constitute the Office of Governor General of Canada ; they state: " And We do hereby authorize and empower Our Governor General, with the advice of Our Privy Council for Canada or of any members thereof or individually, as the case requires, to exercise all powers and authorities lawfully belonging to Us in respect of Canada.

William, at least, seems to have believed he had been offered the succession, but there must have been some confusion either on William's part or perhaps by both men, since the English succession was neither inherited nor determined by the reigning monarch.

Hungary was under a growing threat from the Ottoman Empire, and some Polish magnates did not want to agree to the king of Poland also being the monarch of Hungary, while Elisabeth, widow of the deceased King of Hungary, Albert II of Germany, attempted to keep the crown for her yet unborn child.

Prospective prime minister Robert Peel requested that Victoria dismiss some of the wives and daughters of Whig MPs who made up her personal entourage, arguing that the monarch should avoid any hint of favouritism to a party out of power.

The legal background of many of the deputies made it difficult for a great number of them to accept an execution without the due process of law of some sort, and it was voted that the deposed monarch be tried before the National Convention, the organ that housed the representatives of the sovereign people.

We are worried about what people may do with them -- that some crazy fool may `` push the button ''.

I am usually filled with an uneasiness that through some unwitting slip all hell may break loose.

The artistic interest, then, lies in what the encounter may be made to represent, in the power of some central significance to draw the details into relevance and meaningfulness.

In The Publick Spirit of the Whigs, it may be noted, Swift himself contemptuously dismissed Steele's reference to his friend at court: `` I suppose by the Style of old Friend, and the like, it must be some Body there of his own Level ; ;

There is a second feature of the influences of literature, good literature, on emotional life which may have some special value for our time.

This understanding, of course, may in its turn take many forms and some of these -- especially those most interesting to the student of comparative literature -- are essentially historical.

If, as Reid says, `` nearly all his poetry was produced when he was not taking opium '', there may be some reason to doubt that he was under its influence in the period from 1896 to 1900 when he was writing the poems to Katie King and making plans for another book of verse.

`` As Mrs. Morris may be in some want before that time '', Lafayette continued, `` I am going to trouble you with a commission which I beg you will execute with the greatest secrecy.

In his second letter the old mercer advised his son `` to bye some such warys as yow may selle presentlye with profet.

Unconsciously, governments or races or institutions may enter into some undertaking without fully realizing why they are doing so.

A nation may go to war on some trifling pretext, when in reality it may have been guided by an unconscious instinct that its very life was at stake.

His early poems and some of his prose prolusions speak of wanderings in the city and the neighboring country that may be extended to Cambridge and its surrounding countryside.

Ball games, especially football, required some attention, and other organized sports may have attracted him as participant or spectator.

We may say of some unfortunates that they were never young.

To those of my readers who find many of my opinions morally, or politically, or sociologically antiquated ( and I have reason to know that there are some such ), I would like to say what I have already hinted, namely, that some of my opinions may indeed be subject to some discount on the simple ground that I am no longer young and therefore incapable of being youthful of mind.

The reason is, I think, my awareness that my remarks last quarter on pacifism may well have served to confirm the opinion of some that my tendency to skepticism and dissent gets us nowhere, and that I am simply too old to hope.

In the central contest, that for Mayor, they may have found some pertinent points in what each faction has said about the other.

Within the Organization of American States, there may be some criticism of this unilateral American intervention which was not without risk obviously.

Prince Sihanouk's powers of prognostication some day may be confirmed but history is not likely to praise the courage of his convictions.

much of the glamor President Kennedy's Peace Corps may have held for some prospective applicants has been removed by Sargent Shriver, the head corpsman.

As he grows older it may be a matter of providing some accustomed object ( his `` magic '' thing ).