Authors of recent doctoral dissertations have described their work as concerned with the fields of archaeology and cultural anthropology ; with various fields of history including the history of specific regions and periods, the history of science and the history of religion ; and with the relation of astronomy to art, literature and religion.

Researchers in biochemistry use specific techniques native to biochemistry, but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas developed in the fields of genetics, molecular biology and biophysics.

Lexical items that describe concepts in specific fields are usually called terms instead of words, although there is no consensus whether lexicology and terminology are two different fields of study.

The second half of the 20th century also saw the publication of several encyclopedias that were notable for synthesizing important topics in specific fields, often by means of new works authored by significant researchers.

Given both Einstein's equations and suitable equations for the properties of matter, such a solution consists of a specific semi-Riemannian manifold ( usually defined by giving the metric in specific coordinates ), and specific matter fields defined on that manifold.

Irrealism is a term that has been used by various writers in the fields of philosophy, literature, and art to denote specific modes of unreality and / or the problems in concretely defining reality.

It should be noted, however, that the molar mass is almost always a computed figure derived from the standard atomic weights, whereas the average molecular mass, in fields that need the term, is often a measured figure specific to a sample.

The related fields of neuroethology and neuropsychology address the question of how neural substrates underlie specific animal and human behaviors.

In some specific fields of science the results of observation differ depending on factors which are not important in everyday observation.

In addition, specific standards applicable to one field of science may not be applicable in other fields.

Similar to most fields of physical geography it has sub-fields that examine the specific bodies of water or their interaction with other spheres e. g. limnology and ecohydrology.

Programmers in software development companies may work directly with experts from various fields to create software — either programs designed for specific clients or packaged software for general use — ranging from computer and video games to educational software to programs for desktop publishing and financial planning.

Finland has several small think tanks that provide expertise in very specific fields.

Radioactive beams of specific isotopes are widely used in the fields of experimental physics, biology and materials science.

For a discussion of tree structures in specific fields, see Tree ( data structure ) for computer science: insofar as it relates to graph theory, see tree ( graph theory ), or also tree ( set theory ).

" While frequently left undefined ( Pollitt, 2005 ), decentralization has also been assigned many different meanings ( Reichard & Borgonovi, 2007 ), varying across countries ( Steffensen & Trollegaard, 2000 ; Pollitt, 2005 ), languages ( Ouedraogo, 2003 ), general contexts ( Conyers, 1984 ), fields of research, and specific scholars and studies.

Experimental methods of specific psychology fields include:

This notion is made more specific in various fields.

Both fields also use solid state detectors, though the specific type of solid state detectors used are different.

" To overcome this, production was typically standardized as much as feasible, with production occurring from specific locations ( such as opium from the fields of Thebes in ancient Egypt ).

In Aristotle, substances are to be clarified by stating their definition: a note expressing a larger class ( the genus ) followed by further notes expressing specific differences ( differentiae ) within the class.

In 1967, a specific frequency from the emission spectrum of caesium-133 was chosen to be used in the definition of the second by the International System of Units.

First, State coercion may very easily be arbitrary – indeed technically very specific, according to the above definition.

This includes civil wars, however no specific definition of civil war is provided in the text of the Conventions.

In contrast, the basic definition of " whisky " in the United States has no specific aging duration requirements for whiskey, except for whiskey labelled as " straight " ( which must be aged for at least two years ).

While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

For example, in formal languages like mathematics, a ' stipulative ' definition guides a specific discussion.

A precising definition extends the descriptive dictionary definition ( lexical definition ) of a term for a specific purpose by including additional criteria that narrow down the set of things meeting the definition.

Stevenson has identified persuasive definition as a form of stipulative definition which purports to describe the " true " or " commonly accepted " meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an altered use, perhaps as an argument for some specific view.

An intensional definition, also called a coactive definition, specifies the necessary and sufficient conditions for a thing being a member of a specific set.

* specific, that is, by reading the definition only, it should ideally not be possible to refer to any other entity than the definiendum ;

A bit, or a group of malfunctioning physical bits ( not always the specific defective bit is known ; group definition depends on specific storage device ) is typically automatically fenced-out, taken out of use by the device, and replaced with another functioning equivalent group in the device, where the corrected bit values are restored ( if possible ).

A bit, or a group of malfunctioning physical bits ( not always the specific defective bit is known ; group definition depends on specific storage device ) is typically automatically fenced-out, taken out of use by the device, and replaced with another functioning equivalent group in the device, where the corrected bit values are restored ( if possible ).

Agnieszka Weinar ( 2010 ) notes the widening use of the term, arguing that recently, " a growing body of literature succeeded in reformulating the definition, framing diaspora as almost any population on the move and no longer referring to the specific context of their existence ".

In the original 1902 definition by Bayliss and Starling ( see below ), they specified that, to be classified as a hormone, a chemical must be produced by an organ, be released ( in small amounts ) into the blood, and be transported by the blood to a distant organ to exert its specific function.

The legal definition of franchising in Spain is an activity in which an undertaking, the franchisor, grants to another party, the franchisee, for a specific market and in exchange for financial compensation ( either direct, indirect or both ), the right to exploit an owned system to commercialize products or services already exploited by the franchisor with enough success and experience.

In typography, a glyph has a slightly different definition: it is " the specific shape, design, or representation of a character ".

An expert (, also called cognoscente ) is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by their peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain.

A program written in the form of expert system receives all the specific benefits of expert system, among others things it can be developed by anyone without computer training and without programming languages.

The WHO regularly publishes a World Health Report, its leading publication, including an expert assessment of a specific global health topic.

There will also be more formal workshops in which expert jugglers will work with small groups on specific skills and techniques.

* Domain knowledge, a specific expert knowledge valid for a pre-selected area of activity, such as surgery

* Preferred practice pattern, policy document based on clinical evidence and expert consensus to assist the clinician in decision-making about treating specific disease

Invariably, although the policy may be created by policy makers or Policy analyst, its implementation requires specific expert knowledge of how military functions and how it fulfils roles.

Unlike the others, this type of power is usually highly specific and limited to the particular area in which the expert is trained and qualified.

Several American academics have criticized the United States Constitution for specific shortcomings and have called for a Second Constitutional Convention, including University of Texas constitutional law expert Sanford Levinson, University of Virginia professor Larry Sabato, University of Kentucky professor Richard Labunski, Vanderbilt University professor Dana D. Nelson, and Yale University professor Robert A. Dahl, although professor Dahl believes there is no real hope that such a Convention might ever happen.

" Brown states that when pro-false memory expert witnesses and attorneys state there is no causal connection between CSA and adult psychopathology, that CSA doesn't cause specific trauma-related problems like borderline and dissociative identity disorder, that other variables than CSA can explain the variance of adult psychopathology and that the long-term effects of CSA are non-specific and general, that this testimony is inaccurate and has the potential of misleading juries.

Therefore, before accepting an “ expert opinion ” a person must ask: “ Do the experts in this subject agree about this specific issue ?” In the case of religion, there usually are theologians and clerics who have spent their lives studying the theology of a denomination or of a sect of Christianity, or Islam, or Judaism et al.

The term cookbook is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to any book containing a straightforward set of already tried and tested " recipes " or instructions for a specific field or activity, presented in detail so that the users who are not necessarily expert in the field can produce workable results.

With a facilitative approach, the consultant focuses less on specific or technical expert knowledge, and more on the process of consultation itself.

# A professional is an expert who is a master in a specific field.

A person with considerable experience in a specific field can gain a reputation as an expert.

For example, a computer expert might have knowledge about a computer algorithm in multiple languages, or in pseudo-code, whereas a Visual Basic programmer might only know about a specific implementation of that algorithm, written in Visual Basic.

When he first went to IRCAM, he made the choice to utilize technologically expert assistants to create software or hardware solutions to specific musical ideas inherent in his compositions.

Francoy Gagne's ( 2000 ) Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent ( DMGT ) is a developmental theory that distinguishes giftedness from talent, offering explanation on how outstanding natural abilities ( gifts ) develop into specific expert skills ( talents ).

Fedoroff and Moran called it an " experimental procedure " and noted, " Virtually every expert who has written about phallometry has cautioned that it is insufficiently sensitive or specific to be used to determine the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a sex crime.

Under " Administrative Research ," as he called his framework, a large, expert staff worked at a research center, deploying a battery of social-scientific investigative methods — mass market surveys, statistical analysis of data, focus group work, etc .-- to solve specific problems for specific clients.

For this reason a stand by diver should be one of the best divers on the team regarding diving skills and strength, but does not have to be expert at the work skills for the specific job.