In plastic surgical praxis, the term primary rhinoplasty denotes an initial ( first-time ) reconstructive, functional, or aesthetic corrective procedure.

In corrective practice, the surgical techniques and praxis for reduction mammoplasty also are applied to mastopexy ( breast lift ).

In surgical praxis, it is important to electrolytically remove the follicles from a hair-bearing skin graft, unless the surgeon directs otherwise ; usually, the skin graft is depilated intra-operatively, either manually ( scraped ) or by electrocauterization.

* In surgical and body contouring praxis, the plastic surgeon creates the implant-pocket — either for the gluteal prosthesis or for the injections of autologous fat — by undermining the gluteus maximus muscle with a dissection technique that avoids the sacrum, the sacrotuberous ligament, and the tuberosity of the ischium ; which, if accidentally cut, might isolate the posterior ( back ) portion of the muscle and lead to denervation, the loss of nerve function and of innervation.

* In surgical and body contouring praxis, the plastic surgeon effects the implant-pocket undermining of the gluteus maximus muscle by carefully separating the muscle fibres to avoid severing the pertinent blood vessels, which would interfere with the blood irrigation of the muscle tissue.

In the surgical praxis of body contouring therapy, the patient ’ s body-image expectations can be different from the contoured body that is the outcome of the performed surgical operation.

He introduced a more modern use for medicinal leech, stating that leech could be used for cleaning the tissues after surgical operations.

Regarding breast-feeding capability after breast reduction surgery, studies reported that women who underwent breast reduction can retain the ability to nurse an infant child, when compared to women in a control group who underwent breast surgery using a modern pedicle surgical technique.

This system was designed to assess the patient's risk of neurological deficit after open surgical resection, based on characteristics of the AVM itself.

A number of instruments ( for example the craniometer ) and surgical techniques ( for example, the Kocher manoeuvre, and kocher incision ) are named after him, as well as the Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome.

Defibulation, or deinfibulation, is a surgical technique to reverse the closure of the vaginal opening after a Type III infibulation, and consists of a vertical cut opening up normal access to the vagina.

In the United Kingdom, surgical trainees enter training after five years of medical school and two years of the Foundation Programme.

Some patients who opt for surgical intervention continue to experience pain after surgery.

Surgical residents who wish to focus on this area of surgery gain additional laparoscopic surgery training during one or two years of fellowship after completing their basic surgical residency.

In males, testosterone deficiency is the cause ( for example, andropause or after surgical removal of the testes ).

The nature of a tumor is determined by imaging, by surgical exploration, and / or by a pathologist after examination of the tissue from a biopsy or a surgical specimen.

Myers said these veins should be treated with endovenous techniques, citing high recurrence rates after surgical management, and risk of nerve damage up to 15 %.

Some other common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent.

However, in some cases patients exhibit seizures that sometimes appear up to two months after the surgical intervention.

The underlying process that causes endometriosis may not cease after surgical or medical intervention.

A persistent ectopic pregnancy refers to the continuation of trophoplastic growth after a surgical intervention to remove an ectopic pregnancy.

For simple cases of cystic echinococcosis, the most common form of treatment is surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy using albendazole and / or mebendazole before and after surgery.

For alveolar echinococcosis, surgical removal of cysts combined with chemotherapy ( using albendazole and / or mebendazole ) for up to two years after surgery is the only sure way to completely cure the disease.

When Moten died in 1935 after a surgical procedure, the band unsuccessfully tried to stay together but couldn't make a go of it.

Curtis was an alcoholic who was once addicted to pain killers that she began using after a routine cosmetic surgical procedure.

Even after careful microscopic surgical removal, 55 % to 75 % of cholesteatomas may recur, which then require follow-up checks and / or treatment.

Occasionally, anesthetic agents are used rectally to reduce medically-induced vomiting during and after surgical procedures, in an attempt to avoid aspiration of stomach contents.

* Italian singer Ernesto Bonino loses his voice after a surgical intervention.

* Radiation therapy, in most studies, but not all, has been found to be highly effective in reducing keloid recurrence, with improvement rates of 70 to 90 % when administered after surgical excision.

An advantage is that this interface can be adjusted after the surgical interventions are done where nerves can not be reconnected without surgery.

Dr. Stephen Haas, medical director for the National Football League Players Association, has speculated that Mantle may have torn his anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) during the incident and played the rest of his career without having it properly treated since ACLs could not be repaired with the surgical techniques available in that era.

Tubal ligation or tubectomy ( also known as having one's " tubes tied " ( ligation )) is a surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked, or severed and sealed, either method of which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization.

The season became a struggle to overcome injuries ; He developed a case of tracheitis that forced him to miss several early season games and led the team to consider having him play wearing a surgical mask to protect against the cold air of the arena.

: Abdominal surgery: A recent ( 2008 ) study found that IBS patients are at increased risk of having unnecessary cholecystectomy ( gall bladder removal surgery ) not due to an increased risk of gallstones, but rather to abdominal pain, awareness of having gallstones, and inappropriate surgical indications.

Six days later, after court involvement and parental discussion involving disagreement among physicians about whether or not to treat the baby or let him die, the baby died, having been denied surgical treatment to correct his esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

For example, he recorded that in Florence there were 80 banks, 146 bakeries, 80 members in an association of city judges with 600 notaries, 60 physicians and surgical doctors, 100 shops and dealers of spices, 8, 000 to 10, 000 children attending primary school each year, 550 to 600 students attending 4 different schools for Scholastic knowledge, 13, 200 bushels of grain consumed weekly by the city, and 70, 000 to 80, 000 pieces of cloth produced in the workshops of the Arte della Lana each year, the latter having a total value of.

Common practices of having suspected patients wear a surgical mask was confounded by the use of standard oxygen therapy equipment.

Furthermore, most of the women reported long-term satisfaction with their breast implants ; some despite having suffered medical complications that required surgical revision, either corrective or aesthetic.

This anatomical variant is sometimes mistaken for the more serious condition of having air under the diaphragm ( pneumoperitoneum ) which is usually an indication of bowel perforation, possibly leading to unnecessary surgical interventions.

Cases sent to him for final judgment, with especial frequency, were those of tumours, and of all kinds of disease of the bones and joints, and all neurotic cases having symptoms of surgical disease.

He pioneered aseptic surgery ( having once shared lodgings with Joseph Lister ), and, in 1880 invented Gamgee Tissue, an absorbent cotton wool and gauze surgical dressing.

In severe cases surgical treatment is made more difficult because the infant's abdomen is abnormally small, having had no need to expand to accommodate the developing organs.

An elderly drunk is found murdered, his throat having been slit with almost surgical precision at the back of a bar where the Neo-Nazis are known to congregate.

In 1943, having broached the possibility of a surgical solution to Dr. Robert Gross of Boston without success, Dr. Taussig approached Blalock and Thomas in their Hopkins laboratory in 1943.

She collapses and is taken to the hospital, where she is diagnosed as having a brain tumor, but surgical intervention could not remove all of it.

After having been wounded he was posted back to Hohenlychen and worked in the camp hospital of the Ravensbrück concentration camp as a surgical assistant to Karl Gebhardt.

He was recognized for his surgical skills and for his being able to teach medical students and physicians such skills despite not having received a formal medical education, and took a leading role in organ transplant research on animals.

Jean Civiale ( 1792 – 1867 ) was a French surgeon and urologist, who, in 1832, invented a surgical instrument ( the lithotrite ) and performed transurethral lithotripsy, the first known minimally invasive surgery, to crush stones inside the bladder without having to open the abdomen ( lithotomy ).

McLennen, having bribed one of the nurses, learns that the Blanchion twins were separated in a surgical procedure but Dominique did not survive.

He was appointed despite having no specialist surgical qualifications.

When it comes time for the clinic senior staff to vote on allowing the surgical technique to be performed on Samson, Dr. West, having seen Samson with his wife, changes his vote, enabling Dr. Menken to go ahead.

Contracting infections caused by contaminated cadavers is a constant danger among prosectors, particularly if a skin puncture accident results from the sharp surgical instruments used in this kind of work ( about 70 % of pathology workers report having at least one percutaneous incident ).