In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream .< ref >

It now covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications.

The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications and signal processing.

In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation ( FM ) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency.

* Mark tone, a synchronizing signal used in early telecommunications, indicating that data bits will be arriving, as distinguished from a space tone, an absence of data

In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high-frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal which typically contains information to be transmitted.

In telecommunications, modulation is the process of conveying a message signal, for example a digital bit stream or an analog audio signal, inside another signal that can be physically transmitted.

In audio system measurements, telecommunications and other areas where the measurand is a signal that swings above and below a zero value but is not sinusoidal, peak amplitude is often used.

The Nyquist – Shannon sampling theorem, after Harry Nyquist and Claude Shannon, in the literature more commonly referred to as the Nyquist sampling theorem or simply as the sampling theorem, is a fundamental result in the field of information theory, in particular telecommunications and signal processing.

In telecommunications, a multiplexer is a device that combines several input information signals into one output signal, which carries several communication channels, by means of some multiplex technique.

In telecommunications, computer networks and digital video, a statistical multiplexer may combine several variable bit rate data streams into one constant bandwidth signal, for example by means of packet mode communication.

In telecommunications and professional audio, a balanced line or balanced signal pair is a transmission line consisting of two conductors of the same type, each of which have equal impedances along their lengths and equal impedances to ground and to other circuits.

In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is an adjective that describes signals and systems whose range of frequencies is measured from close to 0 hertz to a cut-off frequency, a maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency ; it is sometimes used as a noun for a band of frequencies starting close to zero.

In telecommunications in particular, it is often the case that those parts of the signal which are at low frequencies are " copied " up to higher frequencies for transmission purposes, since there are few communications media that will pass low frequencies without distortion.

* Degradation ( telecommunications ), the loss of quality of an electronic signal

In telecommunications, delay encoding is the encoding of binary data to form a two-level signal where ( a ) a " 0 " causes no change of signal level unless it is followed by another " 0 " in which case a transition to the other level takes place at the end of the first bit period ; and ( b ) a " 1 " causes a transition from one level to the other in the middle of the bit period.

In telecommunications and electrical engineering, electrical length is the length of a transmission medium or antenna element expressed as the number of wavelengths of the signal propagating in the medium.

Midplanes are also popular in networking and telecommunications equipment where one side of the chassis accepts system processing cards and the other side of the chassis accepts network interface cards.

Now ubiquitous, in current usage the term " cyberspace " stands for the global network of interdependent information technology infrastructures, telecommunications networks and computer processing systems.

Industries: tourism, bauxite / alumina, agro processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications.

Large Senegalese companies include Senelec, the national power company ; Air Sénégal International airlines ; Sonatel, the principal telecommunications provider in Senegal ; and Industrie chimique du Sénégal, a chemical processing company.

The term " near real-time " or " nearly real-time " ( NRT ), in telecommunications and computing, refers to the time delay introduced, by automated data processing or network transmission, between the occurrence of an event and the use of the processed data, such as for display or feedback and control purposes.

Wake County's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment ; clothing and apparel ; food processing ; paper products ; and pharmaceuticals.

* Congestion avoidance: Congestion control can control traffic entry into a telecommunications network, so as to avoid congestive collapse by attempting to avoid oversubscription of any of the processing or link capabilities of the intermediate nodes and networks and taking resource reducing steps, such as reducing the rate of sending packets.

In telecommunications, an audio response unit ( ARU ) is a device that provides synthesized voice responses to DTMF keypresses by processing calls based on ( a ) the call-originator input, ( b ) information received from a database, and ( c ) information in the incoming call, such as the time of day.

The word ' photonics ' is derived from the Greek word " photos " meaning light ; it appeared in the late 1960s to describe a research field whose goal was to use light to perform functions, that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc.

Included are all areas from everyday life to the most advanced science, e. g. light detection, telecommunications, information processing, lighting, metrology, spectroscopy, holography, medicine ( surgery, vision correction, endoscopy, health monitoring ), military technology, laser material processing, visual art, biophotonics, agriculture, and robotics.

' On the other hand, the term ' information service ' means the offering of a capability for generating, acquiring, storing, transforming, processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does not include any use of any such capability for the management, control, or operation of a telecommunications system or the management of a telecommunications service.

NWS meteorologists use an advanced information processing, display, and telecommunications system called AWIPS to complete their work.

such as telecommunications after duplex failure of redundant essential disks ) and Off-line Boot ( the ability to split in half, boot up the previously out-of-service half, verify successful boot ), and Switch Forward ( switch processing to the previously out-of-service half ). The processor was re-engineered and renamed in 1992 as the 3B21D.

Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, commanding officer of RAF Fighter Command, had put a huge amount of effort in to developing the world's first complete air defence system incorporating Radar, observation posts, telecommunications and information processing.

The carbon microphone was extremely important in early telecommunications ; analog telephones in fact work without the use of any other amplifier.

In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing ( also known as muxing ) is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.

Although those " hybrid " techniques are usually more common in telecommunications systems than in consumer audio, their existence alone blurs the distinctive line between certain digital and analog systems, at least for what regards some of their alleged advantages or disadvantages.

This theory was essential in enabling telecommunications to move from analog to digital transmissions systems in the 1960s and later.

When connected at a distance, each endpoint would be fitted with a modem to convert analog telecommunications signals into a digital data stream.

In 1979, the year AT & T began allowing its 23 Bell System companies to buy Mitel telecommunications equipment, the company introduced the device it was to become famous for-the SX200 PBX, a low-power, compact, microprocessor-controlled analog telephone switch for use by small companies, to an astonishing success.

The purposes of digital terrestrial television, similar to digital versus analog in other platforms such as cable, satellite, and telecommunications, reduced use of spectrum and to provide more capacity than analog, provide better quality picture, and to lower operating costs for broadcast and transmission ( after the initial upgrade costs ).

Especially in telecommunications, electrical engineering and signal processing, a digital signal is a sampled representation of an analog physical entity.

* In analog telecommunications systems center-tapped transformers can be used to provide a DC path around an AC coupled amplifier for signalling purposes.

* PANA in telecommunications refers to a plain analog loop, also known as a dry pair or BANA ( basic analog loop )

These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications.

In modern telecommunications networks, information ( voice, video, data ) is now transferred as packet data ( termed packet switching ) rather than previously in older telecommunications networks as analog signals such as in the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) or analog TV / Radio networks.