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In the 12th century BC most of the interior, as well as Babylonia, was overrun by Arameans, while the shoreline around today's Gaza Strip was settled by Philistines.
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12th and century
There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.
During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.
The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.
A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.
These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.
In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.
Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.
Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.
The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.
Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.
They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.
In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:
As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.
Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC
A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.
Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.
He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.
In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.
Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.
12th and BC
Together they illustrate every aspect of the cultures of the Nile Valley ( including Nubia ), from the Predynastic Neolithic period ( c. 10, 000 BC ) through to the Coptic ( Christian ) times ( 12th century AD ), a time-span over 11, 000 years.
In 1901, Egyptologist Gustave Jéquier, a member of an expedition headed by Jacques de Morgan, found the stele containing the Code of Hammurabi in what is now Khūzestān, Iran ( ancient Susa, Elam ), where it had been taken as plunder by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte in the 12th century BC.
Information about Hippocrates can also be found in the writings of Aristotle, which date from the 4th century BC, in the Suda of the 10th century AD, and in the works of John Tzetzes, which date from the 12th century AD.
Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus ' own time, which would place him at around 850 BC ; while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th century BC.
There is no definitive cultural break between the 13th and 12th century BC throughout the entire region, although certain new features in the hill country, Transjordan, and coastal region may suggest the appearance of the Aramaean and Sea People groups.
Chinese of 2nd BC and Muslim sources of the 7th – 12th centuries AD describe the Kyrgyz as red-haired with fair complexion and green ( blue ) eyes.
Lydia arose as a Neo-Hittite kingdom following the collapse of the Hittite Empire in the 12th century BC.
Phoenician traders, who had penetrated the western Mediterranean before the 12th century BC, set up depots for salt and ore along the coast and up the rivers of the territory that is now Morocco.
** collapse: Bronze Age collapse ( 12th to 11th c. BC )
* Nebuchadnezzar I, who ruled the Babylonian Empire in the 12th century BC
Much of the extant information about the Passion of Osiris can be found on the Ikhernofret Stela at Abydos erected in the 12th Dynasty by Ikhernofret ( also I-Kher-Nefert ), possibly a priest of Osiris or other official ( the titles of Ikhernofret are described in his stela from Abydos ) during the reign of Senwosret III ( Pharaoh Sesostris, about 1875 BC ).
Originating somewhere in the Aegean, their population was around 25, 000 in the 12th century BC, rising to a peak of 30, 000 in the 11th century BC, of which the Aegean element was not more than half the total, and perhaps much less.
The ancient Greeks thought that the Trojan War was a historical event that had taken place in the 13th or 12th century BC, and believed that Troy was located in modern-day Turkey near the Dardanelles.
Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the 12th or 11th centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194 – 1184 BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa.
Ancient Greek historians variously placed the Trojan War in the 12th, 13th, or 14th centuries BC: Eratosthenes to 1184 BC, Herodotus to 1250 BC, Duris of Samos to 1334 BC.
* 57 BC: Silla is founded in southeastern Korea ( traditional date according to Samguk Sagi, a 12th century historical document ).
12th and most
John, patriarch of Antioch, at the beginning of the 12th Century, informs us that in his time most monasteries had been handed over to laymen, bencficiarii, for life, or for part of their lives, by the emperors.
There is some doubt as to the origin of the name ; but most probably it is derived from a collection of Alexandrine romances, collected in the 12th century, of which Alexander the Great was the hero, and in which he was represented, somewhat like the British Arthur, as the pride and crown of chivalry.
Historical " bronzes " are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand ; the metal of the 12th century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22. 5 % in the base and 5. 76 % in the pan below the candle.
The most important English chronicles are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, started under the patronage of King Alfred in the 9th century and continued until the 12th century, and the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland ( 1577 – 87 ) by Raphael Holinshed and other writers ; the latter documents were important sources of materials for Elizabethan drama.
There is an early example of the 12th century in Lincoln ; in France the metal work of the doors of Notre Dame at Paris is perhaps the most beautiful in execution, but examples are endless throughout France and England.
The Bulerías is the emblematic palo of flamenco: today its 12 beat cycle is most often played with accents on the 3, 7, 8, 10 and 12th beats.
In addition, the most recent data show that Italy's spending in R & D in 2011 was equal to 1. 1 % of GDP ( 12th in the world by expenditures ), below the European average of 1. 7 % and the Lisbon Strategy target of devoting 3 % of GDP to research and development activities.
The most popular formulation is Maimonides ' thirteen principles of faith, developed in the 12th century.
The relationship between France and the papacy was at its peak in the 12th and 13th centuries, and most of the crusades were actually called by the popes from French soil.
The most documented form of dance during the Middle Ages is the carol also called the " carole " or " carola " and known from the 12th and 13th centuries in Western Europe in rural and court settings.
From the 7th through the 12th centuries, the area of Mecklenburg was taken over by Western Slavic peoples, most notably the Obotrites and other tribes that Frankish sources referred to as " Wends ".
< td valign =" top "> The 12th century saw the first child instruction manuals and rudimentary child protection laws, although most mothers still emotionally rejected their children.
The most famous are the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler ( LSSAH ), 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking and the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend.
He had also been climbing the Suntop Media & European Foundation for Management Development ( EFMD ) rankings of the 50 most influential management thinkers placing 31st in 2001, 27th in 2003, and 12th in 2005, but fell to 21st in 2007.
Additionally, a few pre-Islamic Arabian tribes existed in Sudan from earlier migrations into the region from Western Arabia, although most Arabs in Sudan are dated from migrations after the 12th century .< ref >
The city, nevertheless, maintained important trade relationships, and housed a relatively flourishing cultural and artistic life: several Arab poets, including Ibn Hamdis, the most important Sicilian poet of the 12th century, flourished in the city.
The most interesting pieces of the interior are a font with marble basin ( 12th – 13th century ), a silver statue of St. Lucy by Pietro Rizzo ( 1599 ), a ciborium by Luigi Vanvitelli, and a statue of the Madonna della Neve (" Madonna of the Snow ", 1512 ) by Antonello Gagini.
In the 12th century Tartu was the most notable Slavic settlement in Chud territory.
Its roots can be found in the 12th century and it still belongs to the most popular religious songs to this day.
The modern word dike or dyke most likely derives from the Dutch word " dijk ", with the construction of dikes in the Netherlands well attested as early as the 12th century.
The history of Portugal, in most of the 12th and 13th centuries, is chiefly that of its origin as a separate state, in the process of the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
* the Baptistery of St. Peter ( 12th century ) is the most important building from the High Middle Ages in the city.
Though desperately ill with the then-untreatable disease, Ferenczi managed to deliver his most famous paper, " Confusion of Tongues " to the 12th International Psycho-Analytic Congress in Wiesbaden, Germany, on 4 September 1932 .< ref >
Although the most senior offices in the church were filled by Normans, Old English would continue to be used in chronicles such as the Peterborough Chronicle until the middle of the 12th century.
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